Roman Republic History Review

This set of flashcards covers key events, figures, and legislative developments during the Roman Regal Period and the early to middle Roman Republic, including the Punic Wars.

What period of Roman history is referred to as the Regal Period?

753-509 BCE

Who were the last three Etruscan kings of Rome whose dynasty was overthrown by a popular revolution?

Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus

In what year was the Roman monarchy overthrown, leading to the establishment of the Republic?

509 BCE

Who led the popular revolution that overthrew the Etruscan dynasty in 509 BCE?

Brutus and sympathizers to Lucretia

What major internal conflict shaped Roman politics and legal developments in the 400s BCE?

The Conflict of the Orders between patricians and plebeians

What Roman legal code, established in 450 BCE, was a key outcome of the Conflict of the Orders?

The Twelve Tables

Which Roman Assembly voted on major laws, decided on war and peace, and elected consuls, praetors, and censors?

The Centuriate Assembly

What emerging Roman ideal of service to the Republic is illustrated by the story of Cincinnatus?

Service to the Republic and timely resignation of power

What was Cincinnatus's role in 458 BCE?

He was named Dictator to defeat the army of the Aequi.

Traditionally dated to 493 BCE, what treaty established a century-long pact among Latin cities?

The Cassian Treaty

What early Roman figure is associated with the victory of Veii, the defeat by the Gauls, and the Licinio-Sextian reforms?

Marcus Furius Camillus

What significant event occurred circa 390 BCE after the Roman army was defeated by a Gallic force at the river Allia?

The Gallic Sack of Rome

What war tax was introduced during Camillus's dictatorship in 396 BCE to fund year-round campaigning?

Tributum

What were two major provisions of the Licinio-Sextian Laws of 367 BCE?

One consul had to be a plebeian, and the secondary office of the praetor was introduced.

Which law prohibited debt bondage for Roman citizens, drawing a hard line between free and enslaved?

The Poetelian-Papirian Law

What law, passed in 287 BCE, made plebiscites binding as law for all Roman citizens?

The Hortensian Law

What offices were held by ten plebeian magistrates, elected annually, who could convene the Plebeian Assembly and propose bills?

Tribunes of the Plebs

What major infrastructure project began in 312 BCE, connecting Rome to Capua and further south and east?

The Via Appia

What model for Rome's incorporation of defeated peoples, granting citizenship or other rights while limiting autonomy, was established in 338 BCE?

The Settlement of 338

Which battle, fought in 295 BCE, demonstrated Rome's potential and was a decisive victory during the Third Samnite War?

The Battle of Sentinum

During which conflict did Rome's army likely reorganize itself from the phalanx system into the manipular system?

The Second Samnite War (328-304 BCE) during a long peace from 321-216 BCE

What was the duration of the First Punic War?

264-241 BCE

What significant naval engagement in 241 BCE ended the First Punic War, leading Carthage to seek peace?

The Battle of the Aegates Islands

What was the main territorial outcome for Rome at the end of the First Punic War?

Sicily was established as a Roman province

According to the Treaty of 241 BCE ending the First Punic War, what were two key terms Carthage had to agree to?

Evacuate Sicily and the islands between Italy and Sicily, and pay talents over the next ten years.