PSYCH 103: Intro to Psychology

what is psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

what is cognition

ir related to our thought processes and emotions

how is psychology done

through observation and measurement

5 GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY

observe, describe, explain, predict, control

DO PSYCHOLOGISTS SHARE THE SAME GOALS WITH SCIENTISTS

YES

WHAT KIND OF SCIENCE IS PSYCHOLOGY

social science

WHY IS PSYCHOLOGY A SOCIAL SCIENCE

because it deals with the structure of human society and the nature of individuals

WHY IS PSYCHOLOGY ALSO CONSIDERED AS A REAL SCIENCE

because it answers the questions by applying the steps involved in scientific research (conducting experiments, collecting & analyzing data, and drawing conclusions)

PSYCHOLOGY MAKES USE OF WHAT

research in the form of survey and experiments

PSYCHOLOGY IS AS OLD AS...

HUMAN HISTORY

psychology began with _____ and its roots can be traced back from ______

ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY, ANCIENT GREECE

who: knowledge begins in self-discovery

SOCRATES

who: "know thyself"

SOCRATES

who: human behavior is subject to certain rules and laws

ARISTOTLE

who: learn about yourself through self-examination or introspection

SOCRATES

when: believed that the gods punished people by causing the confusion or madness

ANCIENT GREECE

who: argued during ancient greece times that the confusion or madness are caused by abnormalities in the brain rather than just mere punishment

HIPPOCRATES

when: believed that agitation and confusion were signs of possessions by demons, punishment for sins, or deals made with the devil

THE MIDDLE AGES

WHAT LEAD TO THE BIRTH OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1800S

MODERN SCIENCE

during the birth of modern science: who looked to the skies in the mid-16th century

COPERNICUS

during the birth of modern science: who wrote about the workings of the human body in the mid-16th century

VERSALIUS

OPENED THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGICAL LABORATORY IN THE WORLD; WHERE DID HE BUILD THIS

WILHELM WUNDT (THE FOUNDER OF STRUCTURALISM); IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY

WILLIAM WUNDT IS THE FATHER OF WHAT

PSYCHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

WHAT IS STRUCTURALISM ABOUT

THE STUDY OF THE ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

"WHAT WAS IT? WHAT WAS IT MADE OF? WHAT WAS ITS STRUCTURE?"

STRUCTURALISM

WHO FOUNDED STRUCTURALISM

WILHELM WUNDT

HOW MENTAL PROCESSES HELP ORGANISMS TO ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

FUNCTIONALISM

"WHAT WERE THEIR FUNCTIONS?"

FUNCTIONALISM

THE FIRST MODERN PSYCHOLOGY TEXTBOOK

THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGGY (1890)

HOW MENTAL PROCESSES HELP ORGANISMS TO ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

FUNCTIONALISM

"WHAT WERE THEIR FUNCTIONS?"

FUNCTIONALISM

WHAT LEAD TO THE BIRTH OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1800S

MODERN SCIENCE

what is needed when establishing ideas about the human behavior and mental processes

a supporting evidence

believed that it is unscientific to study consciousness and that psychology should not be concerned with it or the mind

John B. Watson and the School of Behaviorism

study should be limited to observable, measurable events

John B. Watson and the School of Behaviorism

what are observable and measurable attributes

behavior

defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior

John B. Watson and the School of Behaviorism

when an animal is reinforced (or rewarded) for performing an action, it is more likely to perform that action again in the future

B.F. Skinner and Reinforcement

in Reinforcement, people learn the way _______ do

animals

context influences people's interpretation of information

The Gestalt School

much learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished by insight and not mechanical repetition

The Gestalt School

in the Gestalt School, much learning, especially problem solving, is accomplished by _________ and not ___________

insight, mechanical repetition

emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining human behavior

Sigmund Freud and the School of Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud and the School of Psychoanalysis: most of what fills and individual's mind is __________ and consists of conflicting impulses, wishes, and urges

unconscious

perspective: nervous system, glands, hormones, genetic factors

biological

perspective: physical traits, social behavior

evolutionary

perspective: interpretation of mental images, thinking, and language

cognitive

perspective: self-concept

humanistic

perspective: environmental influences, learning, observational learning

psychoanalytic

perspective: effects of learning on behavior

learning

perspective: ethnicity, gender, culture, socioeconomic status

sociocultural

areas of specialization: the largest group

clinical

areas of specialization: deals with adjustment problems

counseling

areas of specialization: treat psychological problems

clinical

areas of specialization: deals with students who have problems that interfere with learning

school

areas of specialization: focus on course planning and instructional methods

educational psychologist

areas of specialization: identify characters or traits

personality psychologist

areas of specialization: concerned with other people's behavior in social situations

social psychologist

areas of specialization: conduct research into basic processes

experimental psychologist

areas of specialization: focus on people in work and business

industrial and organizational psychologist

areas of specialization: focus in ways in which people influence and are influenced by the physical environment

enviromental psychologist

areas of specialization: study the behavior of shoppers to explain and predict behavior

consumer psychologist

Wilhelm Wundt and the School of _____________

Structuralism

_____________________ and the School of Structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt

William James and the School of _____________

Functionalism

_____________________ and the School of Functionalism

William James

_____________________ and the School of Behaviorism

John B. Watson

John B. Watson and the School of _______________________

Behaviorism

_____________________ and Reinforcement

B.F. Skinner

B.F. Skinner and ________________________

Reinforcement

Sigmund Freud and the School of _______________________

Psychoanalysis

_____________________ and the School of Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud