Chemistry 3rd quarter

solid is heated, particles gain?

kinetic energy

melting point

temperature which changes solid to liquid

stronger attractive forces?

more energy to separate

heat of fusion

amount of heat to change solid to liquid without change in temperature

temperature

it remains constant during phase change

sublimation

solid changes into gas without passing through liquid state

amorphous solid

its particles are randomly arranged

these solids are results of melting, cooling, and solidifying of liquids

amorphous solid

crystalline solid

has orderly arrangement

metallic crystals

made of individual metal atoms

types of close-packed structures

face-centered cubic (FCC) hexagonal close-packed (HPC)

ionic crystals

made of positively and negatively charged ions

electrostatic force

ions in solids cannot move freely because of

molecular crystals

made of neutral molecules

molecules are held together

van der Waals forces

covalent network crystals

made up of giant molecules ( macromolecules)

asbestos

one-dimensional covalent network

mica and graphite

two- dimensional

diamond

three- dimensional

polymorphism

can arrange into more than one stable crystal structure

allotropes

different molecular forms of the same element

phase change

is a change of one state of matter to another

melting

solid to liquid

latent heat

facilitates transition without increasing temperature

freezing

liquid to solid

latent heat of fusion

a process that releases heat energy onto the surroundings

boiling

liquid into gas

latent heat of vaporization

requires the absorption of heat energy

evaporation

liquid changes into gas at the surface of the liquid

plays a crucial role in the water cycle

evaporation

condensation

gas to iquid

latent heat of sublimation

energy is needed to change without changing the temperature