Exam 1 - Rickets, osteomalacia, hyperparathyroidism, Paget Disease

rickets is due to a deficiency in what

vitamin d

what happens to bones in those with rickets

undermineralized, weak and bowing, poor growth plates

who is rickets more common and more severe in

children

disorders of what organs can cause rickets due to failure of conversion of Vit D into its active form

kidney

faulty bone turnover with undermineralized bone with increased fracture risk refers to which disease

osteomalacia

what deficiency leads to osteomalacia

vitamin d

who is osteomalacia more common in? what is the form in children?

adults, rickets

increased parathyroid hormone leads to what affect in bone density

decrease

what are some complications associated with hyperparathyroidism

weakness, depression, kidney stone, memory loss, myalgia

primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by what

adenoma causing overproduction of PTH

describe osteoclast activity involved with primary hyperparathyroidism

increased

what is the primary cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism

renal failure leading to hypocalcemia which increases PTH production

what is the most common complication seen with patients who have primary hyperparathyroidism

kidney stones

what are some distinct characteristics seen on x-ray for hyperparathyroidism

salt and pepper skull, subperiosteal resorption of radial side of middle, rugger-jersey spine

what is the most common nonmalignant cause of hypercalcemia

hyperparathyroidism

what is a brown tumor? what condition is this associated with?

NOT a tumor it is healing bone

hyperparathyroidism

osteitis fibrosa cystica refers to multiple brown tumors within a bone, this is a classical skeletal feature of what

advanced hyperparathyroidism

who is most commonly affected by primary hyperparathyroidism

post-menopausal women

primary hyperparathyroidism cause? secondary?

idiopathic

kidney failure

osteitis deformans is another name for what disease

paget disease

in basic terms, what is Paget Disease

disordered bone remodeling creating shaggy looking bone

Paget Disease leads to ___ bone density and strong/weak bone?

increased, weak

what areas of the body are mostly affected by Paget Disease

Axial skeleton and Palvis

t/f

80% of Paget Disease cases are asymptomatic

1% of patients also have osteosarcoma

true

what is the name of the bright white singular vertebrae seen on an x-ray of a patient with Paget Disease

Ivory Vertebra Sign

describe osteoclast and osteoblast activity in Paget Disease

excessive osteoclast causing increased osteoblast

what population has higher rates of Paget Disease, at what age does it become more prominent

80 year old Caucasian males

what causes someone to have Paget Disease

Idiopathic