Nutrients and Their Functions in Energy Metabolism

These flashcards cover key vitamins, minerals, their functions, deficiencies, and related health impacts as discussed in the lecture.

Energy metabolism

The process by which the body converts food into energy, which involves carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Coenzymes

Organic non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A brain disorder resulting from thiamin deficiency, leading to mental confusion, memory loss, and other neurological symptoms.

Dry beriberi

A condition caused by thiamin deficiency that affects the nervous system, resulting in muscle weakness.

Wet beriberi

A condition resulting from thiamin deficiency that affects the cardiovascular system, causing edema.

Thiamin (B1)

A vitamin important for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function, part of the coenzyme TPP.

RDA for men (Thiamin)

1.2 mg/day.

RDA for women (Thiamin)

1.1 mg/day.

Riboflavin (B2)

A vitamin that acts as a coenzyme for energy metabolism and is important for skin and eye health.

Niacin (B3)

A vitamin that serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism and protects against neurological degeneration.

Pellagra

A deficiency disease caused by lack of niacin, characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death.

Biotin (B7)

A vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in energy metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis.

Pantothenic acid (B5)

A vitamin that is part of the coenzyme A, essential for energy metabolism and lipid synthesis.

Vitamin B6

A vitamin involved in amino acid metabolism and the synthesis of neurotransmitters.

Folate (B9)

A vitamin necessary for DNA synthesis and the maturation of red blood cells.

Cobalamin (B12)

A vitamin that is crucial for DNA synthesis and nerve cell protection.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition resulting from excessive levels of thyroid hormones.

Iodine deficiency

A deficiency that can lead to thyroid problems, including goiter and developmental issues in fetuses.

Macrocytic anemia

A condition characterized by large, immature red blood cells due to impaired DNA synthesis.

Choline

An essential nutrient that is not classified as a vitamin, important for neurotransmitter synthesis.

Sulphur

A mineral that stabilizes protein structures and is a component of certain vitamins.

Chromium

A mineral that enhances insulin action and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

B-vitamin deficiency

A condition resulting from insufficient intake of B vitamins, impacting energy metabolism and overall health.