Interact ch 7

Listening

the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

Listening style

your favored but usually unconscious approach to attending to your partner’s messages

Relational listening style

a personal listening style that focuses on what a message tells us about our conversational partners and their feelings

Analytical listening style

a personal listening style with a focus on gathering information and thinking carefully about what is said

Transactional style

a personal listening style that prefers speakers who remain on task and “get to the point”

Critical listening style

a personal listening style that focuses attention on the accuracy and consistency of speakers’ messages

Listening apprehension

the anxiety we feel about listening that interferes with our ability to be effective listeners

Passive listening

the effortless, thoughtless, and habitual process of receiving the messages we hear

Active listening

the skillful, intentional, deliberate, conscious process of attending to, understanding, remembering, critically evaluating, and responding to messages that we hear

Attending

the process of willfully striving to perceive selected sounds that are being heard

Understanding

accurately decoding a message so you comprehend the semantic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic meaning of a message

Clarifying question

a response designed to get further information or to remove uncertainty from information already received

Paraphrase

an attempt to verify your understanding of a message by putting it into your own words and sharing it with the speaker

Content paraphrase

a feedback message that conveys understanding of the denotative meaning of a verbal message

Feelings paraphrase

a feedback message that conveys understanding of the emotional meaning behind a speaker’s verbal message

Remembering

the process of moving information from short-term memory to long-term memory

Primary effect

the tendency to remember information that we heard first over what we heard in the middle

Recency effect

the tendency to remember information that we heard last over what we heard in the middle

Mnemonic device

a learning technique that associates a special word or short statement with new and longer information

Critically evaluating

the process of determining how truthful, authentic, or believable you judge the message and the speaker to be

Facts

statements whose accuracy can be verified or proven

Inferences

claims or assertions based on the facts presented

Probing questions

questions that search for more information or try to resolve perceived inconsistencies in a message

Responding

the process of providing feedback to your partner’s message

Back-channel cues

verbal and nonverbal signals that indicate you are listening and attempting to understand the message

Digital communication literacy

the ability to critically attend to, analyze, evaluate, and express digital messages