chapters 7-15

Which of the following best describes a 'schema' in cognition?

A mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related topics

In Freud's model of personality, which structure operates according to the 'pleasure principle'?

Id

What concept suggests that a stressful event's impact depends largely on how the person perceives it?

Appraisal

Which cultural orientation is less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error?

Collectivistic culture

According to Piaget, the ability to understand that objects exist even when out of view (object permanence) typically develops in which stage?

Sensorimotor stage

In the context of stress, what system is directly involved in the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Sympathetic nervous system

What is the term for the phenomenon where people overemphasize personality traits to explain others' behavior while underestimating situational factors?

Fundamental attribution error

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation issues seen in OCD?

Serotonin

What is eustress?

Positive stress that can improve performance and health

What is a 'prototype' according to cognitive psychology?

The best or most typical example of a concept

According to the Diathesis-Stress Model, what predicts the likelihood of developing a disorder?

Interaction of predisposition and stress

The Stanford Prison Experiment primarily demonstrated the influence of:

Social roles and situational norms on behavior

Which language component refers to the smallest units of meaning?

Morphemes

Which defense mechanism involves reverting to earlier stages of development under stress?

Regression

In Horney's theory, which coping style involves aggression and assertiveness toward others?

Moving against people

Which part of Freud's structure of the mind strives for moral perfection?

Superego

What happens during the 'resistance' stage of General Adaptation Syndrome?

Continued alertness with reduced intensity

Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism states that personality is influenced by:

Behavior, cognitive factors, and environment interacting

In Piaget’s stages, children learning that addition and subtraction are inverse operations are in the:

Concrete operational stage

A person who believes poor people deserve their fate because 'the world is fair' is demonstrating:

Just-world hypothesis