The Evolution of Clinical and Counseling Psychology

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the evolution and distinction between clinical and counseling psychology.

Clinical Psychology

A branch of psychology dedicated to developing assessment strategies and interventions to address psychological challenges throughout individuals' lives.

Mental Health

Defined by the World Health Organization as a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with life's stresses and contribute to their communities.

DSM-5-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision, which defines mental disorders as syndromes characterized by clinically significant disturbances.

Counseling Psychology

A specialty within psychology that emerged in 1946, focusing on personal growth, adjustment, and normal developmental concerns.

Evidence-Based Practice

The integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values in psychological treatment.

Psychopathology

The study of psychological disorders, their symptoms, and treatments, often contrasted with the more normal adjustment focus of counseling psychology.

Counseling Psychology Perspective

A view that emphasizes prevention, personal growth, and working with individuals across a continuum from adequate functioning to more severe disturbances.

Strengths-Based Assessment

An approach in counseling psychology that focuses on client resources and resilience rather than pathology.

Developmental Psychopathology Framework

A perspective that emphasizes understanding mental health conditions in the context of normal and abnormal developmental processes.

Cultural Competence

The ability to understand and incorporate clients' cultural backgrounds into the therapeutic process, vital in counseling psychology.

International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)

A global alternative to the DSM for health reporting, providing a comprehensive classification that includes mental disorders.

Neuropsychological Assessment

A process involving the evaluation of cognitive function that aligns closely with clinical psychology's focus on severe psychopathology.

Community Mental Health Centers Act

A key legislation from 1963 establishing federal policy for community-based mental health care in the United States.

Licensure Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP)

A standardized exam required for licensure as a psychologist in the United States, ensuring minimum competency.

Collaborative Relationships in Counseling

An emphasis on working together with clients to explore their experiences and potential diagnoses rather than a top-down expert model.

Prevention Movement in Mental Health

A shift towards preventing mental health issues before they escalate, highlighted by the 1965 Swampscott Conference.

Statistical Deviation

An approach to define abnormal behavior based on significant deviation from population norms, which has limitations.

Polythetic Approach in DSM Diagnosis

A diagnostic method requiring individuals to meet a threshold number of criteria from a larger set of possible symptoms.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

An evidence-based approach that integrates cognitive and behavioral elements, widely used in treating various mental disorders.

Client-Centered Therapy

A therapeutic approach developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes empathy and unconditional positive regard, foundational in counseling psychology.

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative

An initiative by the National Institute of Mental Health aimed at developing classifications based on neurobiological and genetic markers.

Holistic Perspective in Counseling Psychology

An approach that considers strengths, social context, and resilience factors in the assessment and treatment of clients.

Mental Health Parity Act (1996)

Legislation aimed at ensuring equitable treatment of mental health conditions in insurance coverage compared to physical health.

Adjustment Disorders

Psychological issues that occur during transitions or stressors and are often a primary focus of counseling psychology.

Comorbidity

The co-occurrence of multiple disorders within an individual, posing challenges for classification systems.

Continuum vs. Categorical Perspectives

A debate in mental health classification regarding viewing conditions as discrete categories versus as existing on a continuum.

Holistic Assessment

The practice of evaluating a person’s psychological health by considering their social, cultural, and personal contexts.

Theoretical Orientations in Psychology

Different frameworks and approaches therapists may adopt, such as cognitive-behavioral or humanistic theories.

Career Counseling

A focus area in counseling psychology that emphasizes helping individuals with career development and vocational decisions.

Crisis Intervention

Immediate and short-term support provided during acute psychological crises, a critical role of school psychologists.

Community Psychology Movement

A movement aimed at addressing mental health through community-based solutions, significantly impacted by counseling psychology.