Antiemetics, Antidiarrheals, Laxatives, Antacids, and Mucosal Protective Agents

These flashcards cover vocabulary and key concepts related to antiemetics, antidiarrheals, laxatives, antacids, and mucosal protective agents.

Antiemetics

Medications used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

Antihistamines

Medications like Diphenhydramine and Meclizine used for nausea/vomiting due to motion or vertigo.

Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

Ondansetron; used primarily for nausea/vomiting due to chemotherapy or migraines.

Dopamine Antagonists

Medications like Promethazine and Metoclopramide used for severe nausea/vomiting.

Extrapyramidal syndrome

A set of symptoms including tremors and rigidity caused by certain medications affecting motor control.

Anticholinergics

Scopalamine; used for nausea/vomiting related to anesthesia and effective for 3 days.

Benzodiazepenes

Lorazepam; used for nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy.

Cannabinoids

Dronabinol; used for nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy or AIDS.

Bismuth Salicylate

Medication that acts directly on the gut wall used for nausea/vomiting and diarrhea.

Antidiarrheals

Medications used to treat diarrhea.

Loperamide

An antidiarrheal that inhibits peristalsis and is contraindicated in bowel obstruction.

Diphenoxylate/atropine

A controlled substance used for severe chronic diarrhea (IBS-D).

Bulk-forming laxatives

Medications like Psyllium and Methyl Cellulose that require plenty of water to avoid constipation.

Osmotics

Medications like Polyethylene Glycol that draw water into the bowel for colonoscopy prep.

Stool Softeners

Docusate Sodium; a second-line choice for constipation that reduces dependency risk.

Stimulants (laxatives)

Medications like Bisacodyl that stimulate smooth muscle contractions to induce bowel movements.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors

Medications such as Omeprazole that reduce gastric acid secretion.

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Famotidine; blocks ACH from binding to histamine receptors to reduce acid.

Antacids

Medications that neutralize gastric acid for acute symptoms.

Sucralfate

A mucosal protective agent that forms a barrier over ulcers.

Bismuth

A mucosal protective agent that coats the stomach lining and has antibacterial properties.

Misoprostol

A drug that increases mucus and bicarbonate secretion to reduce gastric acid damage.