SPDI: Plumbing Fundamentals 3 | (Ventilation and Ventilation Systems)

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

plays a very important role in achieving an efficient plumbing system

21% OXYGEN

78% NITROGEN

1% OTHER GASES

The earth’s atmosphere is a mixture of gases containing approximately ____.

1.29x10^-6 kg/m3

The density of atmosphere at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)

14.72 psi

pressure of the atmosphere on the earth’s surface at sea level

TRAPS

are devices used to prevent the passage of foul air, gases and some kind of vermin or insects to a room through the fixture

TRAP SEAL LOSS

can be associated with a positive (+) or negative (-) pressure or any other factor

SIPHONAGE

a result of negative pressure

DIRECT or SELF SIPHONAGE

a result of removing the water from the trap that is caused by the discharge of fixture to which the trap is connected

INDIRECT or MOMENTUM SIPHONAGE

a result of negative pressure in the waste piping caused by discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line which serves a fixture places at lower elevation

BACKPRESSURE

a pressure within sanitary drainage or vent-piping system that is greater than atmospheric pressure (a positive pressure)

CAPILLARY ACTION

results when foreign objects such as rugs, strings or lint is stuck and suspended in a trap where one end is on the inlet side and the other on the outlet side (trap arm). The material is soaked up and the water seal is removed thereby allowing gas to pass through.

EVAPORATION

It is a phenomenon of nature. The atmosphere absorbs moisture and the amount absorbed increases with higher temperature.

WIND EFFECT

Wind of high velocity passing over the top of the soil pipe roof terminal affects the trap seal. A down draft occurring in the plumbing system tends to ripple the liquid content of the trap and force a quantity of it on the outlet arm of the trap

LEAK

Any trap that is temporarily fitted or connected may pose the possibility of allowing liquid waste to leak and lose its protective trap. All fixtures and connections must be checked and tested to ensure water tightness of connection and joints.

VENT STACK, MAIN VENT

A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to or form any part of the building drainage system

STACK VENT, SOIL AND WASTE VENT

the extension (to the open air) of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal branch drain or fixture branch connected to the stack

INDIVIDUAL / BACK VENT

a vent installed in a pipe to vent a fixture trap connected to the vent system above the fixture it serves

UNIT / COMMON / DUAL / DUPLEX

an arrangement of venting so installed that one pipe will serve two (2) traps

CIRCUIT VENT

a branch vent which serves two or more traps and extends from in front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack

LOOP VENT / VENTING LOOP

a vent arrangement for a group of plumbing fixtures, consists of a vent pipe which is connected to the waste or soil branch immediately before the first fixture of the group

LOOPED VENT

a type of ventilation system used on fixtures in a room away from a wall or partition

RELIEF VENT

a branch from the vent stack, connected to a horizontal branch between the fixture branch and the soil or waste stack, whose primary function is to provide for circulation of air between the vent stack and the soil or waste stack

YOKE VENT

a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stack

WET VENT

a pipe, usually oversized, which functions both as a fixture branch and as a vent, e.g. waste pipe that also serves as a vent

COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT

a type of ventilation system which serves as vent and waste conductor

DRY VENT

a vent which carries neither nor waterborne wastes

CROWN VENT

a vent which is connected at the crown

BLIND VENT

a vent pipe which terminates at the upper side of the fixture and does not connect to the drainage system, with the intent of cheating

FIXTURE VENT

a vent pipe which leads from the drainage pipe to another vent pipe or to the atmosphere

BRANCH VENT

a vent connecting on one or more individual vents with a stack or stack vent

REVENT

also called an individual vent

SIDE VENT

a vent connecting to the drain pipe through a fitting at an angle not greater than 45° to the vertical

UTILITY VENT

a vent which rises well above the highest water level of a fixture and then turns downward before it connects to the main vent or stack vent

LOCAL VENT/LOCAL VENTILATING PIPE/ or VENT

a pipe on the fixture side of the trap through which vapor or foul air is removed from the room or fixture

EJECTOR VENT

a pipe used to provide air in a sump pit and prevent pressure build-up

BYPASS VENT

a vent stack which runs parallel to a soil stack (or a waste stack) and is connected to it frequent intervals

CONTINUOUS VENT

a vertical vent that is a combination of a drain, a soil pipe, or a waste pipe to which the vent connects

SOVENT SINGLE-STACK PLUMBING SYSTEM

It is an engineered drainage system developed to improve and simplify soil, waste and vent plumbing in multi-storied buildings.

1959

When was the Sovent Single-Stack Plumbing System invented?

FRITZ SOMMER

He invented the Sovent Single-Stack Plumbing System. He was also the Head of the Department of Sanitary Installation at the vocational training school in Bern, Switerland

1961

The first Sovent System was installed. Since then, hundreds of multistoried buildings constructed in Europe had utilized copper Sovent.

1977

Cast Iron, hubless, Sovent were introduced and gained widespread acceptance due to its lower material cost

1. DWV Stack

2. Sovent Aerator

3. Horizontal Fixture Wastes

4. Dearator Fitting

The four (4) basic components of Sovent Systems

AERATOR

It limits the velocity of both liquid and air in the stack. It prevents the cross sections of the stack from filling with a plug of water and it efficiently mixes the waste flowing from the branches with the air and liquid already flowing in the stack. It is designed with an offset chamber to slow the soil and waste matter at each floor, never allowing it to reach its terminal velocity, thus eliminating backpressure.

DEARATOR

It separates the air in the stack flow from the liquid, ensuring smooth entry into the building drain and relieving the positive pressure at the base of the stack. It is designed to eliminate any build-up of solids and slow the contents before the change in direction.