Transcription and the Genetic Code
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to transcription and the genetic code, helping to reinforce understanding of concepts necessary for gene expression.
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16 Terms
Gene Expression
The process by which information in DNA is converted to RNA in transcription and then used to assemble a specific protein in translation.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
The type of RNA that is a blueprint for a protein, carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
Transcription
The process in which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.
Translation
The process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.
Promoter
A specific sequence of DNA that signals the initiation of transcription.
Transcription Factors
Proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter and the initiation of transcription.
TATA Box
A DNA sequence found in the promoter region of genes, essential for the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes.
Elongation
The stage of transcription where RNA polymerase moves along the DNA and synthesizes RNA.
Termination
The process that concludes transcription, often signaled by specific sequences in the RNA.
Introns and Exons
Introns are noncoding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that are expressed in the final mRNA.
RNA Splicing
The process of removing introns and connecting exons in a pre-mRNA transcript to produce a mature mRNA.
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
Poly-A Tail
A stretch of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA to protect it and facilitate its export from the nucleus.
Central Dogma
The framework explaining the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
Amino Acids
The building blocks of proteins, coded for by codons in mRNA.
RNA Polymerase
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
Flashcards (37)