chapters 7-9 court cases

Boykin v. Albama (1946)

Plea must be voluntary and understood

Missouri v. Frye (2012)

Right to effective counsel during plea negation

North Carolina v. Alford (1970)

Can plead guilty while maintaining innocence.

Ricketts v. Adamson (1987)

Defendants must honor plea agreements

Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)

Prosecutors can threaten harsher charges for refusing pleas

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Death penalty unconstitutional as applied (arbitrary)

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Reinstated death penalty with guided discretion

Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

Banned executions of intellectually disabled

Roper v. Simmons (2005):

Banned executions on juveniles (<18)

McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)

Statistical racial bias is not enough to overturn a sentence.

Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)

You cannot exclude people from a jury based on their views of the death penalty