Chapter 1: Chemistry in Our Lives

Chemistry

Chemistry

The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

Matter

The substances that make up our world

Chemical

A substance that always has the same composition and properties wherever it is found

Chemical processes

________ take place in chemistry laboratories, manufacturing plants, and pharmaceutical labs as well as every day in nature and in our bodies.

Scientific Method

A set of general principles that helps to describe how a scientist thinks

Observations

Information determined by noting and recording a natural phenomenon

Hypothesis

An unverified explanation of a natural phenomenon

Experiments

A procedure that tests the validity of a hypothesis

equations

In chemistry, we use _____ that express the relationship between certain variables.

Conclusion

An explanation of an observation that has been validated by repeated experiments that supports a hypothesis

Positive Number

Any number that is greater than zero and has a positive sign

Negative Number

Any number that is less than zero and is written with a negative sign

Graph

Represents the relationship between two or more variables

Scientific Notation

A way of expressing numbers that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form

Calcium carbonate

Used as an abrasive to remove plaque

Sorbitol

Prevents loss of water and hardening of toothpaste

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Used to loosen plaque

Titanium dioxide

Makes toothpaste white and opaque

Triclosan

Inhibits bacteria that cause plaque and gum disease

Sodium fluorophosphate

Prevents formation of cavities by strengthening tooth enamel with fluoride

Methyl salicylate

Gives toothpaste a pleasant wintergreen flavor

In chemistry, we use equations that express the relationship between certain variables.

Solving Equations