Lecture Exam #2 ( chapters: 5,6,&8)

The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of which tissue type?

The reticular layer of the dermis is composed of which tissue type?

dense irregular connective tissue

The epidermis is composed of what tissues?

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue

what are the sequence of epidermal layers of thick skin, from deep to superficial?

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

This cells would NOT be present in the dermis

keratinocytes

Which of the following epidermal components possess(es) a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss?

lamellar granules

What integumentary gland is believed to function as a sexual scent gland?

apocrine sudoriferous gland

This is NOT strictly a component of the integumentary system

hypodermis

This following statements is NOT true of apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands

They are both widely distributed over most of the body

this strata is NOT visible as a distinct layer in thin skin?

stratum lucidum

This structure is primarily responsible for fingerprints

epidermal ridges and sweat pores

Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face, especially on the nose and cheeks, is descriptive of what skin disorder?

rosacea

What layer of skin is avascular and relies on capillaries in the underlying connective tissue to provide nutrients?

stratum basale

The epidermis develops from which embryonic germ layer?

ectoderm

This cell is part of the immune system

Langerhans cell

This cell functions as a sensory receptors for touch

Merkel cells

Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as?

prickle cells

This type of skin cancer affects cells of the stratum spinosum

squamous cell carcinoma

Striae in the skin are caused by

dermal tears

This condition would NOT be seen from overexposure to UV light

activation of the immune system

A hematoma in the skin appears as __________.

black and blue marks

A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________.

osteoporosis

During fetal intramembranous ossification, bone develops from __________.

fibrous connective tissue membranes

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?

estrogen

Bones store energy as lipids in __________.

yellow marrow

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.

osteocytes

The lacunae of bone contain __________.

osteocytes

Long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to __________.

endochondral ossification

The two types of osseous tissue are __________.

compact bone and spongy bone

When the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced by bone, __________.

long bones have reached their adult length

Intramembranous ossification __________.

forms cranial bones

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the __________.

diaphysis

Growth of cartilage in which chondrocytes within the matrix proliferate is known as __________.

interstitial growth

Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through __________.

canaliculi

Spongy bone DOES NOT contain

osteons

The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________ skeleton.

axial

Which of the following is a canal-like passageway allowing vasculature and nerves to move through the bone?

meatus

This characteristic of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness

It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.

The menisci of the knee are made of __________.

fibrocartilage

Parathyroid hormone stimulates __________ activity.

osteoclasts

The exceptional hardness of bones is largely due to the presence of __________.

calcium phosphate

In an adult, yellow marrow is located in the __________.

medullary cavity of the diaphysis

A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.

fissure

This structure anchor(s) the periosteum to the underlying bone?

perforating fibers

the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult

the sternum

Bone-forming cells originate from

osteoprogenitor cells

The twisting of a long bone is prevented by

circumferential lamellae

Homeostatic blood calcium levels should range from __________.

9 to 11 milligrams per 100 milliliters

Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of

fibrous membrane

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?

rickets

A ligamentous connection, such as that between the bones of the lower leg, is called what?

syndesmosis

Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is called __________.

adduction

A synovial joint is an example of a(n) _________

diarthrosis

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is called __________.

inversion

An immovable joint is a(n) __________.

synarthrosis

What is the function of bursae?

to reduce friction

Decreasing the angle between bones is called __________.

flexion

In a uniaxial articulation, __________.

movement can occur in only one axis

Osteoarthritis is considered __________.

a degenerative joint disease, or “wear-and-tear arthritis”

The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a(n) __________ joint.

saddle

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the __________ joint.

shoulder

Which ligaments prevent backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur?

cruciate ligaments

Why are there NO blood vessels inside the joint cavity of synovial joints?

Movement would damage the delicate blood vessels.

This is NOT a synovial joint?

sternocostal joint

All of the following are structural classifications of joints EXCEPT __________.

osseous

Which of the following joints has/have a joint cavity?

the knee

What percent of their length can ligaments be stretched before they snap?

6%

What type of motion occurs at a synovial joint when one flat bone surface slips over another without appreciable angulation or rotation?

gliding of ribs on the articular facet of a vertebra

This force on the knee is the most dangerous

The “superstabilizer” of the shoulder joint is the __________

a lateral force to the extended knee

the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

What type of motion is unique to mammals and is characterized by the posterior teeth gliding from side to side in a grinding motion?

lateral excursion

What condition results when the ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn?

sprain

The release of the enzyme metalloproteinase is thought to contribute to the development of __________.

osteoarthritis

hinge joints

uniaxial joints that permit only flexion and extension. Examples include elbow
joint, ankle joint, interphalangeal joints. The knee is a specially modified hinge joints that also
permits limited rotation

pivot joints

uniaxial joints that permit only limited rotation; includes articulation between
atlas-axis that permits cervical rotation, articulation between radius and ulna that permits
supination/pronation

condyloid (ellipsoidal) joint

biaxial joints that permit all types of angular movement,
including circumduction. Includes radiocarpal joint (wrist), metacarpaphalangeal joints
(knuckles), atlantooccipital joint (joint between occipital condyles of skull and the atlas)

saddle joint

specialized biaxial joint, best example is carpometacarpal joint at base of thumb,
permits opposition movement

ball-and-socket joints

triaxial joints that permit all types of angular motion as well as limited
rotation. Most mobile joints in body. Only examples are the shoulder joint and the hip joint.