Computer science basic

A big notebook

Computer

An electronic device that stores, processes, (changes, moves, rewrites) information. It can perform complicated computations, organise and store huge amount of information.

What is computer science

The study of using computers to solve problems

Computation

The action of mathematical calculations

What are the 5 concept Areas (areas of study) of computer science

1. Computing systems

2. Algorithm and programming

3. Data and analysis

4. Network and the internet

5. Impacts of computing

What are computing systems

The machines that runs the programs and process information

example (laptop phone smart light)

all the basic hardware & basic software that work together to make the computer run

Algorithm

A set of instructions written in plain human language on how to complete a task.

Program

A set of instructions (an algorithm) that has been translated into commands that a computer can understand (code)

Without programs computers won’t understand what we want them to do

Data

Raw unorganised inputs / facts

Analysis

Organising, describing and understanding data

Networks

A group of connected devices which shares information and may even share resources like a printer

Internet

A worldwide network that connects millions of computer’s & devices

Is a CD a computer and why?

No. Although a CD can store information it cannot change it

What are the first computers

The Humans who make calculations. Sometimes with tools like the slide ruler to help them. (1600s)

What is the first electronic computer

Colossus Mark 1. It was made in 1944 and was used by the British government to help decipher German code (not the egnima)

ENIAC and what is it

Electronic numerical integrator and computer. The first programable general purpose computer.

What is the first mass-produced personal computer

APPLE II in 1977. It can run simple programs and play games

Hardware

The physical parts of a computer

Software

A set of programmes that tells a computer what to do. (Apps, web browser …)

what is an application

Application. A program design to help the user complete a task like photo editing

Not all programs are apps as some programs are for the computer use only.

what is input

The part used to send information to the computer like mouse, keyboard..

What is storage and its examples

Storage is the part of the computer that stores information.

Examples includes hard drive, CDs and RAM

RAM

Random access memory. A type of computer memory that can store information

CPU and what are its 3 main components

Central processing Unit

It’s the brains of the computer. It receives information and executes commands from other software and hardware.

It made up of the main memory, control unit and arithmetic logic unit

What is troubleshooting

A systematic step by step approach to tackling problems

Explain the difference between use case and test case

Use case are the broad test use to determine if the user can complete a general task. While test case are specific test that uses various input.

Why is testing different types of input important in case testing

Important to determine that your program can still run no matter what the user input. For example if your program only expect user

encoding

Converting data into code

Decoding

Turning code into data that is in a readable format

What is the difference between data and information

Data is the unprocessed raw facts while information is data that has been processed into usable facts

Label each of the blank spaces of the hexadecimal code

Red blue green

What is data encoding and why do we need it

Data encoding is converting data into a format the computer can read. Computers can only understand binary so data like text pictures and sound must be encoded for a computer

How social media companies make use of the information you share to make money

Targeted marketing . Every little detail gives businesses a clue about you and more specifically what you may buy so social media company sell these info to advertisers

Give 3 examples of data encoding schemes

1. Binary

2. Hexadecimal

3. RBG

What is defensive programming

A way to program what allows your programs to keep working even if things don’t go as planned

The difference between Use cases vs test cases

Use case is testing if a user is able to complete the general task while test cases are more specific test that use various inputs

What is documentation and its two types

Documentation is the information about the program. It’s two main types are

1. Comments (messages written by programmers about the code)

2. README files (gives info about the program)

If you wanted to add a note in your code as a reminder to come back and fix an error. What would you add?

#BUG /#FIXME

What is a user guide

It’s and information packet that helps user learn the functionality of the program

What is pair programming

It’s when 2 developers work on the same computer to complete a project. It helps them work faster and result in fewer mistakes

Webpages

A document that can be accessed on a web browser like the internet

Website

A collection of webpages

Mobile application

A software specifically made to be used on a mobile device

What is Front-end language and one example

It’s a programming language used to make what the user can see on the screen

Back-end language

used by programmers to build the internal systems that operate behind the scenes of a web application

What is compiling

Turning a computer language into binary for the computer to understand

How many BITs make a BYTE

A bit is the smallest unit of storage for a computer just one digit while a byte is made of 8 BITs (01010101)

What are the 2 types of planning method you can use for planning your program

Pseudo code and flow charts

What is computational thinking and it’s 4 major ideas. And which of the 4 ideas is considered the main one

What is the difference between a variable identifier and its value?

The Variable identifier is the name (don’t change) value is data Stored in the location designated by the variable (changes often)