ap world vocab

Trenton high school

agriculture

agriculture

farming

agrarian

relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land and farming

analyze

examine methodically and in detail the constitution or structure of (something, especially information), typically for purposes of explanation and interpretation

animism

A religion based on the belief that things in the natural world have souls

art

the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power

belief system

is a set of values, codes, or principles that help people understand the surrounding world and their role in it

bureaucracies

a system of government in which most important decisions are made by state officials rather then by elected officials

caste

an ancient system of social hierarchy based on one's birth that is tied to concepts of purity and social status

civilizations

an advanced state of human society containing highly developed forms of government, culture, industry, and common social norms

climate

average weather in an area over a period of time

continuity

events that stay the same through history

coup/ coup d’etat

a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government

culture

shared patterns of behaviors, beliefs, and values that a group of people use to interpret and interact with their world

demography

the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

diaspora

the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland

diffusion

the spreading of something more widely

domestication

altering the behaviors, size and genetics of animals to benefit humans.

economy

the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services

egalitarianism

the doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

elite

a select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society

emigration

the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere

empire

an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress

epidemic

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

filial piety

the virtue of exhibiting love and respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors,

gender

a social and cultural construct that refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, and expectations that a society considers appropriate for individuals based on their perceived sex. It encompasses a range of identities beyond just male and female

geography

the study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries

hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority

ideology

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

imperial

relating to an empire or emperor; often describes a system of governance or influence that extends over vast territories and diverse populations

kinship

blood relationship

maritime

Of or relating to the sea

matriarchy

a system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.

matrilineal

through the mother's line

migration

movement from one part of something to another

nation

a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory

neolithic

the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed (new Stone Age)

nomadic

living the life of a nomad; wandering

paleolithic

the early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years, when primitive stone implements were used (old Stone Age)

pastoral

Way of life in which people depend on herding of domesticated animals for food.

patriarchy

a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.

periodization

division of history into periods

philosophy

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

political structure

established systems or institutions through which power is exercised within a society

popular/ pop- culture

a set of beliefs, values, actions, objects, or goods and practices that are well known at any given time and space in society

pre-history

the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins c. 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems

religion

A system of beliefs, practices, and values often centered around questions of existence, morality, and the universe. It may involve worship, rituals, and adherence to a set of doctrines. Religions can provide community, identity, and a framework for understanding life and death.

revolution

a fundamental change in political organization

rural

relating to the country, country life, people or agriculture

secession

the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity

secular

not pertaining to or connected with religion

science

the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained.

social class

a division of a society based on social and economic status.

social structure

the organized patterns of relationships and social arrangements that form societies

state

an are organized into a political unit and ruled b an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs

suffrage

the right to vote in electing public officials and adopting or rejecting proposed legislation

surplus

an excess extra amount of something when requirements have been met

syncretism

the combination of different forms of belief or practice

technology

innovations that help people overcome challenges

trade

the action of giving one an item in return of another

tribute

a payment or gift made by one party to another as a sign of respect, allegiance, or gratitude, often used historically to signify submission or acknowledgment of power.

urban

relating to, or characteristic of a city or town. Urban areas are typically densely populated and feature infrastructure such as buildings, roads, and public services

urbanization

the process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in urban areas, typically characterized by the growth of cities and towns. usually driven by factors such as economic opportunities, improved living standards, and access to services.