Basic Nutrition Chapter 1

What are the 3 types of nutrients?

Fat/Lipids, Protein and Carbohydrates

What sciences does nutrition include?

Food Science, Biochemistry and Physiology

Diet

The sum of all things an individual typically eats in a day

Nutrients

Substances that the body needs for energy, growth & development

What are nutrients in comparision to a non-nutrient?

Body cannot make nutritents in sufficient amounts, must be included in one's diet while a non-nutrient is something your body can make in sufficient amounts.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required in large amounts, such as lots of grams.

Micronutrients

micronutrients found in relatively small amounts in food and tissues and that are essential for health

Example of macronutrients

Protein, Fats or Lipids, Water and CHOs

Example of micronutrients

Vitamins and Minerals

Kilocalorie

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kg of water 1 degree Celsius

CHO
How many calories per gram?

4

LIPIDS
How many calories per gram?

9

PROTEIN
How many calories per gram?

4

If a meal has 700 calories and is 50% carbohydrates, 30% fat and 20% protein, how many grams of each macronutrient does it contain?

87.5 grams of CHO 23.3 grams of Fat

If a meal has 1000 grams and is 50% carbohydrates, 30% fat and 20% protein, how many how many calories of each macronutrient does it contain?

2000 calories of CHO

What are some Non-Energy Nutrients?

Vitamins, Mineral, Water, Alcohol, and Phytochemicals

What is an Organic Food?

Food grown without using specific pesticides, herbicides or other synthetic products listed under USDA organic Standards

What does it mean if the label says Organic?

Means a minimum of 95% of ingredients are organic

What does it mean if the label says 100% Organic?

Means all ingredients are organic.

What does it mean if the label says made with organic ingredients?

70% to 94% of the product is organic.

What does it mean if the label says Ingredient Panel Only?

Means the food has less than 70% organic ingredients.

GMO

Foods whose DNA has been altered to bring about a desired trait.

Who regulates GMOs?

FDA, USDA and EPA

What was the American Diet before 1975?

12% Protein - 40% fat - 48% carbs

What is the American Diet now?

16% Protein - 50% carbs - 33% fats

What are the recommended modifications for the current american diet?

Decrease fat intake, Increase complex CHO, and Decrease sugar

What is the WIC?

Special Supplemental Nutritional Program for Women Infants and Children

What is the EFNEP?

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

What are the two types of Malnutrition?

Undernutrition and Overnutrition

Causes of Malnutrition?

Poverty, Education, Food Supply, Population, Densities, Gender Inequalities

What are the societal causes of Malnutrition?

Limited Access to Food, Roads & Transportation, Food Storage, Political Corruption, War and Overpopulation

Epidemiology

Study of how disease rates vary among different populations