BIEN 190: Regulations of In Vitro Systems in Bioengineering

Vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from the lecture on skin and its role in bioengineering.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin, containing keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkle cells.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis, containing fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and skin appendages.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer of skin composed of adipose tissue, fibroblasts, and macrophages.

Thermal Regulation

The skin's ability to regulate body temperature through vasodilation, sweating, vasoconstriction, and contraction of arrector pili muscles.

Langerhans cells

Dendritic cells in the skin that act as immune sensors, migrating to lymph nodes to activate T cells.

CD8+ T cells

A subtype of T cells that release cytotoxic chemicals to destroy infected or damaged cells.

CD4+ T cells

A subtype of T cells that help activate other immune cells.

ILC (Innate Lymphoid Cells)

Cells that respond to signals from damaged or infected cells, playing a role in innate immune responses.

Macrophages

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cells that destroy pathogens through engulfment or phagocytosis.

Hapten-protein complexes

Complexes formed when small chemical molecules bind to skin proteins, initiating an immune response.

Erythema

Increased blood flow in capillaries, often associated with inflammation.

Edema

Fluid retention or swelling that occurs as part of the inflammatory response.

Skin Sensitization

A reaction caused by the release of certain chemicals from medical devices, such as monomers and plasticizers.

ISO 10993-10

A standard that recommends evaluating extracts from medical devices to assess skin sensitization risk.

Primary human skin cells

Cells commonly used in in vitro assays for sensitization and irritation, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells.