AP Music Theory Pre-test

Beginning of the year preview

The Staff is the

The Staff is the

foundation upon which notes are drawn

Modern Staff comprises

five lines and four spaces

every line pr space on the staff represents…

white key

Clefs

assign individual notes to certain lines or spaces

Two clefs that are normally used

Treble and Bass

Treble Clef also called…

G Clef

Ledger Line

a line that extends the staff when there is no more room

Bass Clef also called…

F clef

A grand staff consist of

11 linees (theoretical staff)

Middle C has its name because

it correlates it corresponds to the middle staff line on the Grand Staff

The length of time that a note is played is called

note duration

Note Duration is determined by…

the type of note

The whole note

has the longest note duration in modern music

Duration of half note

half of a whole, two half occupy the same amount of time as a whole note

duration of quarter note

four quarter notes occupy same amount of time as one whole note

notes smaller in duration than a quarter note have…

flags

each flag

halves the value of the note

how many flags do 8th notes have?

one

Sixteenth notes have how many flags?

2

vertical black bars are called…

bar lines

bar lines divide the staff into…

mesures

Time signatures define the

amount and type of notes that each measure contains

A 4/4 measure should contain how many quarter notes

4

A ¾ measure should contain how many quarter notes?

3

6/8 contains how many 8th notes?

6

rest represet

periods of silence in a mesure

whole rest occupies the same time as a

whole note

two types of markings used to alter a notes duration

Automation dots and tenuto ties

One automation dot increases the duration by

½

tenuto ties

merge multiple notes of the same pitch

tenuto ties are often used to

let the duration of the note travel between barriers (ex: measure lines)

A half step (semitone) is the distance ____

from one key on a keyboard to the next adjacent key

A whole step is the same distance as

two half steps

An Accidental is a sign used to

raise or lower the pitch of a note

the flat lowers a note by

a half step

a sharp raises a note by a

half step

“#” represents a

sharp

“b” represents a

flat

enharmonic spelling

Whenever a certain pitch has multiple names (ex: E could also be Fb because it is half a step below F, likewise F could be called E#)

Double Flat

alter a whole step, represented by bb (ex: D and Ebb have the same pitch since you can reach D by going a whole step (two half steps) down from E

Double Sharp

whole step, represented by x

A Natural note cancels out

any accidental, and returns a note to its original, white key

duple, triple, and quadruple refer to the

number of beats per measure

Simple means that

beats can ne broken into two notes

2/4 time is classified as a _____(duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

simple duple

“duple” refers to the

two beats per measure

“simple” states that

beats can be divided into 2 notes

2/2 and 2/8 are classified as ___(duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

simple duple

¾ is classified as _____ (duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

simple triple

“Triple” refers to

three beats per mesure

3/2 and 3/8 are classified as ____? (duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)

simple triple

4/4 is classified as ___ (duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

simple quadruple

4/2 and 4/8 are classified as (duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

simple quadrupule

beats in the compound meter are divided into

3

6/8 can be classified as a___(duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

Compound duple or simple triple

all compound meters will have some ___ note as its beat

dotted

Any time signature with a __ on top is a compound duple

6, 6/8 and 6/4 are common examples of the classification meters

9/8 is classified as ___(duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

compound triple; because there are three dotted quarter notes

Any time signature with a __ on top is a compound triple

9; 9/8 is a common usage of this classification, additionally 9/2, 9/4, ad 9/16 can be used

12/8 time is classified as a ___(duple Triple, quadruple/ is it simple)?

compound quadruple; there are four beats , thus making it a quadruple, each beat is made of threee notes making it a compound

Any time signature with a _ is a compound quadruple

12, 12/8 and 12/16 are commonly used

The Odd Meter is a meter which contains both

simple and compound beats

5/8 time contains both _____ beats

simple and compounds

7/8 time contains two ____ and one _____

two simple beats and one compound beat

8/8 time contains__ compound beat/s and __ simple beat/s

two compound, 1 simple

10/8 time contains__ compound beat/s and __ simple beat/s

two compound, two simple, 4 beats total

11/8 time contains__ compound beat/s and __ simple beat/s

three compound, one simple, 4 beats total

Scale

is a section of certain notes within an octave

Octave

8 notes apart

The formula for a major scale can be represented by ____ (W is a whole step, h is a half step)

W W h W W W h

C major scale is

C D E F G A B C or alternatively Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do

Eb Major scale is

Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb or alternatively Mi Fab So Lab Tib Do Re Mib

D Major Scale is

D E F# G A B C D or alternatively Re Mi Fa# So La Ti Do# Re

natural minor scale can be represented by the formula (W is whole step, h is half step)

W h W W h W W

an A natural minor scale is

A B C D E F G A or alternatively La Ti Do Re Mi Fa So La

G# natural Minor is

G# A# B C# D# E F# G# or alternatively So# La# Ti Do# Re# Mi Fa# So#

C natural Minor is

C D Eb F G Ab Bb or alternatively Do Re Min So Lab Tib Do

to convert any natural minor into Harmonic minor

raise the seven one by a half step

C harmonic Minor is

C D Eb F G Ab B or alternatively Do Re Min Fa So Lab Ti

to convert a scale to melodic minor

raise sixth and seventh notes by a half step

C Melodic minor is

C D Eb F G A B or alternatively Do Re Min Fa So La Ti

Melodic minor should be used while ____( ascending or descending)

only when ascending, natural minor should be used when defending

Scale Degree

name of each note on a scale

Tonic

The first ( and last) note

Dominant note

the fish note of a scale

subdominant

Fourth note of the scale

mediant

the third note, its in the middle of the tonic and dominant

submediant

sixth note; is in the middle of the upper tonic and the subdominant

supertonic

second note from tonic

leading tone

seventh note: only if its a half step below the tonic (ex: in the C Major Scale the seven note (A/La) leads into the tonic

Leading tones are seen in both ______ scales

harmonic minor and melodic minor

subtonic

in natural minor scales when the event note is a Whole step below the tonic (ex: C Natural minor the seventh not does not lead into the tonic)

Key Signature

a collection of every accidental found in a scale (ex: C Minor has three flats, can be written as a key signature opposed to writing every flat)

When writing key signatures how should flats be written ?

Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb

“Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father” stands for

The order flat key signatures should be written Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb

Sharp key signature are arranged as

F# C# G# D# A# E# B#

“Father Goes Down And Ends Battle”

stands for the order of sharps, F# G# D# A# E# B#

There are __ different key signatures

30, 15 major scales and 15 minor

C has how many accidentals

0

How many accidentals in D major?

two sharps, numeric value 2 for calculation method