NEU_LEC_15

Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis

The process of generating new neurons from stem cells.

Cell Migration

The movement of newly formed neurons to their designated locations in the brain.

Cell Differentiation

The process by which a cell develops into a specific type of cell with a distinct function.

Synaptogenesis

The formation of synapses between neurons.

Neuronal Cell Death

The elimination of neurons that are no longer needed or functional.

Synapse Rearrangement

The reshaping and adjustment of synaptic connections based on experience.

Caudal to Rostral

Referring to the development and maturation of brain regions from the tail end (caudal) to the head end (rostral).

Fragile X Syndrome

An inherited genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome.

Genotype

An individual's genetic makeup or constitution.

Phenotype

An individual's observable physical characteristics influenced by the environment.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A hereditary disorder caused by the absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to accumulation of phenylalanine.

Cerebral Metabolism

The metabolic processes that supply the brain with energy, primarily by using glucose and oxygen.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

A progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory failure and cognitive decline.

Cholinergic Neurons

Neurons that release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Amyloid Plaques

Abnormal clusters of protein fragments that accumulate between nerve cells in AD.

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Twisted fibers composed of the protein tau that accumulate inside neurons in AD.

Cognitive Decline

A gradual decrease in cognitive function, such as memory and reasoning.

Synaptic Plasticity

The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.

Experience-Dependent Changes

Changes in the brain that occur as a result of individual experiences.

Inherited Disorders

Conditions that are passed down through genes from parents to offspring.

Impulsivity in Teenagers

A tendency to act quickly without thought or care, possibly due to maturation of the prefrontal cortex.

Dietary Management for PKU

The restriction of phenylalanine intake in the diet to prevent intellectual disability.

Neuronal Maturation

The process by which neurons acquire their functional characteristics and connections.

Cognitive Abilities

Mental capabilities such as perception, reasoning, and memory.

Environmental Enrichment

Stimulating living conditions that promote cognitive and physical activity.

Memory Impairment

A decrease in the ability to store or recall information.

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

A regulatory agency responsible for overseeing the safety and efficacy of medications.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Medications that prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine, used to treat cognitive impairment in AD.

Neurophysiology

The branch of physiology that studies the functions of the nervous system.

Cognitive Functions

The mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, and remembering.

Active Learning

Teaching methods that engage learners in the process of learning through activities and discussion.