Hebrew Bible Unit 1

Canon

collection of books; list of authoritative books

Transmission

copying of texts

Masoretic Text

scholars made “set” translation; added vowel points

Translation

move from one language to another

Vulgate

400 C.E.; translation of old and new testament into latin

Septuagint

LXX; translation from hebrew to greek

Anthropomorphic

having human characteristics

Henotheism

adherence to one particular god out of several, especially by a family, tribe, or other group.

Yahwist Source

written in Judah during United Monarchy; YHWH=LORD in Genesis; anthropomorphic God; narrative

Elohist Source

written in 8th Century Israel; Elohim=God until personal name is revealed to Moses; God speaks through dreams, visions, angels, etc.; narrative

Deuteronomic Source

written in 7th Century Judah (before 621); only in Deuteronomy; Moses’ farewell where law is recounted a second time

Priestly Source

written during exile or after return; Elohim=God until personal name revealed to Moses; transcendent view of God; genealogies, legal codes, precise numbers; formulaic and repetitious

Tetragrammaton

the four-letter Hebrew name for God (YHWH), meaning "He who is, who was, and who is to come" and referring to God's self-existence and eternal nature

El (el)

proper name=Chief God of the Canaanites; singular generic “god”

Elohim (elohim)

often translated to “God” on Hebrew (one God); plural generic “gods”

Enuma Elish

ancient Mesopotamian creation epic that tells the tale of Marduk, the chief god of the city of Babylon. He defeats the elder goddess Tiamat and brings order to chaos and thus becomes the Lord of the Gods of Heaven and Earth

Marduk

supreme god of the Babylonian pantheon and the patron deity of the city of Babylon

Tiamat

the primordial goddess of the salt sea and chaotic creation in ancient Mesopotamian mythology, and the five-headed, evil dragon goddess and mother of chromatic dragons in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy setting

Tanakh

hebrew for “Jewish Bible”

Torah

“pentateuch”, creation of the world and Israel; 5 scrolls; specifically deal with law (Moses)

Nevi’im

prophets; historical books and writings; Jewish Bible

Kethuvim

Writings (ends with Chronicles); wisdom and poetry (Jewish Bible)

Julius Wellhausen

creator of Documentary Hypothesis

Documentary Hypothesis

four different written sources by different people from different times and places; Pentateuch

Ruach

Hebrew word that translates to "spirit," "wind," or "breath," representing the powerful, unseen force that gives life and moves through the world. It is associated with the breath of God

Adam

the human; first

adamah

the ground

ish

man

ishsha

woman

Phyllis Trible

deals with the standing of women in the Bible

Etiology

narratives or explanations that give the origin or reason for something

Cain and Abel

brothers; cain kills abel

Covenant with Noah

a promise from God, found in the Book of Genesis, that after the Great Flood, He would never again destroy all life on Earth with a flood