BIOL 320 Lab 3

Senses

Means by which the brain receives information about the

environment and the body.

Special senses:

Sight (Visual)

Hearing (Auditory)

Taste (Gustatory)

Smell (Olfactory)

Touch (Tactile)

General senses:

Temperature

Pain

Vibration

Joint position

Proprioception

Retina

Light-sensitive receptors

innermost layer

Rods

Night vision

Cones

color vision

Taste

Chemical sense

Types of taste buds

Sweet

Salt

Sour

Bitter

Umami receptor:

meat, aging cheese, and artificial flavoring

Smell

Chemical sense

Olfactory receptors found on the roof of the nasal cavity

Touch

Sense of pressure perception

Nociception

perception of pain

Thermoception

sense of heat and cold

Proprioception

perception of body position

Stroop Test

Measures an individual’s ability to focus on the color of a word, while ignoring the meaning of the word.

Engagement of automatic and control processes

Stroop test four exercises

monochrome, rectangles, words, and colors

Stroop test measure

Number of errors

Peripheral skin temperature

heart rate

Cornea

light rays travel through where they undergo refraction

Ciliary body

alter lens shape for proper focus on the retina, predominantly controlled by parasympathetic fibers form the short ciliary nerves

Adaptation

refers to the process by which a sensory system becomes insensitive to a continuing source of stimulation

The visible range for humans is

380 nm to 750 nm

Sclera

tough fibrous outermost tunic of the eye, protects and shapes the eyeball and is continuous with the dura mater of the brain

Cornea

anteriorly the sclera forms the whites of our eyes and the becomes transparent as it changes

Choroid tunic

highly vascular and pigmented

Glaucoma

occurs when aqueous humor does not adequately drain and thus pressure increases in the eye until the retina and optic nerve can be compressed and damaged

Fovea centralis of the macula lutea

most of the non-photoreceptor portions of the retina are displaced to the sides leaving less tissue for the light to pass through before making it to the cones in this region, increases visual acuity

Detached retina

occurs when the neural components of the retina release from the pigmented layer of the retina and is often caused by a blow to the head or sudden stopping of the head

Cataracts

hardening and clouding over of the lens

Lacrimal caruncle

contains sebaceous and sweat glands, produces an oily secretion that helps lubricate and protect the eye, sometimes collect “sand” at night

Chalazion

infected tarsal glands form a cyst

Sty

an inflammation of one of the smaller glands

Pinkeye conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva when caused by bacteria or viral infection

main eye muscles not controlled by the oculomotor nerve

lateral rectus muscle and superior obliqye muscle

inferior oblique muscles

elevates the eye and turns it laterally

superior oblique muscle

depresses the eye and turns it laterally

Diplopia/strabismus

asymmetrical weakness or paralysis of the eye muscles

parasympathetic fibers

largely control close vision

Fovea

is located in the center of the macula and is responsible for sharp central vision

Optic disc

located where ganglion cell axons exit the eye and form the optic nerve

“blind spot”

Rhodopsin

which supplies us with a blueish grey vision in shades of grey based on the intensity of stimulation

564nm

red

534nm

green

420nm

blue

Tympanic membrane

boundary between the outer and middle ear

Crista ampullaris

collection of hair cells within a fluid-filled ampulla

Endolymph

movement of the head causes the cupula or crest of the ampulla to bend

Bony labyrinth

inner ear is imbedded in a small cavity of the temporal bone

Stereocilia

the “hairs” that give hair cells their name are actually microvilliEq

Equilibrioception

the perception of balance and is related to the vestibular system in the inner ear

vestibular nystagmus

describes the strange eye movements that occur reflexively in response to the events abive

Motion sickness

is caused when the brain receives sensory mismatch of information where the eyes send information

Deafness

defined as any degree of hearing loss

Conduction deafness

occurs when something decreases the ability of sound to conduct to the fluids of the inner ear

Sensorineural deafness

results from damage to neural components of hearing such as the hair cells, the cochlear nerve, or the auditory cortical cells

Tinutis

symptom of a buzzing, clicking, or ringing in theears without an actual auditory simulation

Mieniere’s syndrome

affects all aspects of the inner ear

Nociception

perception of pain

Thermoception

is the sense of heat and cold

Proprioception

is the perception of body position and is a sense that people rely on enormously

What does the Stroop test consist of

monochrome

rectangles

words

colors

What is 1

Smooth muscle cells

What is 2

Ciliary body

What is 3

Anterior aqueous chamber

What is 4

Cornea

What is 5

Pupil

What is 6

Iris

What is 7

Sclera

What is 8

Choroid

What is 9

Retina

What is 10

Lens

What is 11

Fovea

What is 12

Optic disc(blind spot)

What is 13

Retinal blood vessels

What is 14

Optic nerve II

What is 15

Posterior vitreous chamber

What is 1

Scleral venous sinus

What is 2

Flow of aqueous humor

What is 3

Anterior chamber

What is 4

Iris

What is 5

Lens

What is 6

Cornea

What is 7

Zonular fibers of lens

What is 8

Ciliary process

What is 9

Ciliary muscle

What is 10

Sclera

What is 1

Macula

What is 2

Fovea

What is 3

Arteriole

What is 4

Vein

What is 5

Optic disk

What is 1

Lacrimal gland

What is 2

Canaliculi

What is 3

Lacrimal sac

What is 4

Lacrimal duct

What is 5

Caruncle

What is 1

Inferior oblique

What is 2

Superior oblique

What is 3

Medial rectus

What is 4

Inferior rectus

What is 5

Lateral rectus