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154 Terms

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spatial
adj. relating to space
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nascent
adj. (especially of a process or organization) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential: the nascent space industry
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bloc
n. a group of countries or political parties with common interests who have formed an alliance: the Soviet bloc; a parliamentary bloc
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hypertext
n. text stored in a computer system that contains links that allow the user to move from one piece of text or document to another
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eloquent
adj. clearly expressing or indicating something
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despondent
adj. in low spirits from loss of hope or courage:

she grew more and more despondent
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demarcation
n. the action of fixing the boundary or limits of something:

the demarcation of the maritime border
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academic
adj. not of practical relevance; of only theoretical interest: the debate has been largely academic; / relating to education and scholarship: academic achievement
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litotes
n. figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions:

New York is not an ordinary city = New York is unique
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preclude
v. prevent from happening; make impossible
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didactic
adj. intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive:

a didactic novel that set out to expose social injustice
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ulterior
adj. existing beyond what is obvious or admitted; intentionally hidden

e.g. ulterior motive
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ebullient
adj. cheerful and full of energy:

she sounded ebullient and happy
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exuberant
adj. full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness: a noisy bunch of exuberant youngsters; / growing luxuriantly or profusely: exuberant foliage
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luxuriant
adj. (of vegetation) rich and profuse in growth
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profuse
adj. (especially of something offered or discharged) very plentiful; abundant: I offered my profuse apologies
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incongruous
adj. not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something
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lampoon
v. publicly criticize (someone or something) by using ridicule, irony, or sarcasm:

the actor was lampooned by the press
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mendacious
adj. not telling the truth; lying:

mendacious propaganda
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reverence
n. deep respect for someone or something:

rituals showed honour and reverence for the dead
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deride
v. express contempt for; ridicule: the decision was derided by environmentalists
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sanguine
adj. optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation:

he is sanguine about prospects for the global economy,

(to laugh in the face of danger)
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sardonic
adj. grimly mocking or cynical:

Starkey attempted a sardonic smile
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levity
n. the treatment of a serious matter with humour or lack of due respect:

there is no excuse or reason for levity or humour on a day like yesterday
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acclimate
v. become accustomed to a new climate or new conditions; adjust: it’s unknown whether people will acclimatize to increasingly warm weather; acclimatize
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suffrage
n. the right to vote in political elections:

the women’s suffrage movement
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prairie
n. a large open area of grassland, especially in Northern America
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undulation
v. move with a smooth wave-like motion. usage:

her body undulated to the thumping rhythm of the music
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ham
n. someone who enjoys performing and who tends to behave in an exaggerated or playful way when people are watching:

cameras bring out the ham in her
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smolder
v. show or feel barely supressed of anger, hatred, or another powerful emotion: Anna smoldered with indignation; / exist in a suppressed or concealed state: the controversy smoldered on for several years
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indignation
n. anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment:

the letter filled Lucy with indignation
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peremptory
adj. insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in a brusquely imperious way:

‘Just do it!‘ came the peremptory reply
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brusque
adj. abrupt or offhand in speech or manner:

she could be brusque and impatient
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imperious
adj. arrogant and domineering:

his imperious demands
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squalid
adj. (of a place) extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially as a result of poverty or neglect: the squalid, overcrowded prison; / showing or involving a contemptible lack of moral standards: a squalid attempt to save themselves from electoral embarrasement
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prod
v. stimulate or persuade (someone who is reluctant or slow) to do something:

they attempted to prod the central bank into cutting interest rates
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acute
adj. (of an unpleasant or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present or experienced to a severe or intense degree:

an acute housing shortage
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nobility
n. the group of people belonging to the highest social class in a country; the aristocracy; a member of the English nobility
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futile
adj. incapable of producing any futile result; pointless: a futile attempt to keep fans from mounting the stage
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ominous
adj. giving the worrying impression that something bad is going to happen; threateningly inauspicious: there were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead
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spearhead
v. lead an attack or movement
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promulgate
v. promote or make widely known an idea or cause: Ding Darling promulgated the importance of preservation of wildlife
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laud
v. praise highly: romantic poetry focussed on and lauded primitivism and emotion while minimising the importance of reason and logic
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sublime

adj. of very great excellence or beauty OR (of a person's attitude or behaviour) extreme or unparalleled

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endow
v. provide with quality, ability, or asset:

a poet is a man endowed with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness
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capricious
adj. given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behaviour:

the governance of this country is highly capricious, given that it is a communist nation
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ephemeral
adj. lasting for a very short time:

the endowing benefits are negligible since they are generally ephemeral
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tenet
n. a principle of belief, especially one of the main principles of a religion or philosophy:

every piece of philosophy is derived from a single, peremptory tenet
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disillusionment
n. a feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be:

politics is inevitably subject to the majority’s disillusionment
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emancipate
v. set free, especially from legal, social, or political restrictions:

through time, the daunting concept of slavery was brought to emancipation
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slovenly
adj. (of appearance) untidy or dirty; (of a person or action) careless, excessively casual
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enfold
v. surround; envelop: a red rose is an archetype that enfolds erotic promise
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sacrilege
n. violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred: concept of sickness, disease, and corruption are each a sacrilege to the symbolism encompassed by a red rose
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desecrate
v. treat with violent disrespect:

one’s temper desecrates one’s relationships
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irrevocable
adj. not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered
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uncanny
adj. strange or mysterious, especially in an unsettling way:

an uncanny feeling that she was being watched
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inexplicable
adj. unable to be explained or accounted for
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jubilant
adj. feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph
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antipode
n. the opposite
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empirical
adj. based on observation and experience rather than on theory or pure logic
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tautological
adj. a circular argument
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ethnocentric
adj. belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group:

the film director was criticized because of his ethnocentric bias toward African Americans
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inductive
adj. characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances
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deductive
adj. characterized by the inference of particular instances from a general law
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proponent
n. a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action
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axiomatic
adj. self-evident or unquestionable
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vindictive
n. clear someone of blame or suspicion
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indemnity
n. security or protection against a loss or other than financial burden
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eccentric
adj. unconventional and slightly strange (of a person or their behaviour)
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indulgence
n. the action or fact of indulging or satisfying
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allegorise
v. interpret or represent symbolically:

the picture is seen to allegorize an alienated society
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dissemble
v. conceal or disguise one’s true feelings or beliefs
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arraign
v. call or bring someone before court to answer a criminal charge
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lament
v. express passionate grief about:

he was lamenting the death of his infant daughter
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censure
v. express severe disapproval of (someone or something), especially in a formal statement:

the company was heavily censured by the Department of Trade
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eulogy
n. a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, especially a tribute to someone who has just died
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epigram
n. witticism, pun, quip, jest
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solemn
adj. formal and dignified, characterized by deep sincerity
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oractorical
adj. relating to the art of public speaking
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funeral
adj. having the mournful sombre character appropriate to a funeral:

Erika was moving at a funeral pace
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conscientious
adj. wishing to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly:

his eulogy was replete with his conscientious character
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idiosyncratic
adj. peculiar or individual
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abdicate
v. fail to fulfil or undertake (a responsibility or a duty)
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discrepancy
n. an illogical or surprising lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts
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demean
v. cause a severe loss in the dignity of and respect for (something or someone)
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drudge
n. a person made to do hard menial or dull work
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piety
n. the quality of being religious or reverent
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commend
v. praise formally or officially; present as suitable for approval or acceptance
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polarise
v. divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinion or beliefs
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puny
adj. small and weak
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retort
v. say something in answer to a remark, typically in a sharp, angry, or witty manner:

there is no need need to be rude! - retorted Isabel
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expend
v. spend or use up
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disproportion
n. an instance of being out of proportion with something else
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innocuous
adj. not harmful or offensive
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trifle
v. treat without seriousness or respect:

he is not meant to be trifled with
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ludicrous
adj. so foolish, unreasonable, or out of place as to be amusing:

it’s ludicrous that I have been fined
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condescending
adj. having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
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novelty
n. the quality of being new, original, or unusual:

the novelty of being a married woman wore off
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conciliatory
adj. intended or likely to placate or pacify; peace-making
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almanac
n. an annual calendar containing important important dates and statistical information such as astronomical and tide tables