muscles

pectoralis minor

pulls scapula forward

external oblique

trunk rotation

internal oblique

assisst with trunk flexion and respiration- synergist

transverse abdominis

wall of abdomen, applys pressure to abdominal organs

serratus anterior

boxer's muscle, brings scapula forward

deltoid

abduct humerus

trapezius

neck extension, posture, elevate scapula

latissimus dorsi

adducts arm

rhomboidus minor

retracts scapula, synergist

rhomboidus major

retracts scapula, prime mover

masseter

chewing, closing jaw

platysma

fixator to anterior neck muscles

temporalis

chewing, elevates jaw

frontalis

raise eyebrows

zygomaticus major and minor

smiling, prime mover

buccinator

kissing muscle, pulls cheeks inward, chewing

brachioradialis

help flex forearm

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion

rectus abdominis

trunk flexion

levatator spinae

elevates spine- synergist

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major

rotate humerus

obicularis oculi

blinking, moves eyelids

biceps brachii

flexes forearm

brachialis

helps with forearm with flexion- fixator

sternocleidomastoid

rotates head, two sides are antagonists to each other

obicularis oris

pucker lips, synergist

flexor digitorum group

anterior forearm, flexes fingers and wrists, prime movers

palmaris longus

flexion of wrist, vestigial

pectoralis major

adduct arms, antagonist to deltoid

vastus medialis

most medial quadricep, extends knee and lower leg

rectis femoris

central quadricep, extends knee and lower leg

vastus lateralis

most lateral quadricep, extends knee and lower leg

vastus intermedius

deep quadricep, extends knee and lower leg

sartorius

laterally rotates thigh

gracilis

medially rotates thigh, synergist

triceps brachii

extends forearm

erector spinae

deep group of muscles that maintain posture

extensor digitorum group

posterior side of forearm that extend wrist and fingers

gluteus maximus

extends thigh

gastronemius

flexes lower leg, walking, plantar flexion

soleus

flexes lower leg, standing, plantar flexion

achilles tendon

calcaneus

gluteus medius

medially rotates thigh, synergist

hamstrings

flex knee

bipennate muscles

fascicles arranged on either side of a tendon, can have 2 origins, strong contractions ex: rectus femoris, gastronemius, serratus anterior

Multipennate

multiple tendons surrounded by fascicles meeting at a certain point, multiple tendons and angled fascicles ex: deltoid, pectoralis minor, gluteus minimus

circular muscles(sphincters)

concentrically arranged fibers, insertions not involved with bone ex: obicularis oculi and obicularis oris

Parallel muscles

fascicles arranged in same directions, most skeletal muscles, some flat, sheet-like, often called rectus ex: rectus abddominis, sartorius, gracilis, brachialis

fusiform muscles

type of parallel muscles, has a belly, tapers to tendon, multiple origins, 1 insertion ex: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, hamstrings

unipennate muscles

fascicles arranged on one side of a tendon, feather-like, can only pull at a certain angle ex: serratus anterior

convergent muscles

wide origin, narrow insertion point, most large muscles that start on multiple bones then attach to a bone in one location ex: pectoralis major, trapeziusm latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus

tendon

attaches muscle to bone

epimysium

surrounds entire muscle

fascicles

bundles of muscle fibers or muscle cells

muscle

composed of fascicles

muscle fibers (cells)

bundles of myofibrils

perimysium

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding a muscle fiber

myofibril

bundles of myofilaments

myofilaments

composed of thin actin and thick myosin

actin and myosin

combine to form sarcomere