Chemistry test 1-2

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49 Terms

1

early chem

embalming fluids, production of metal

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2

Greeks

four elements: water, fire, air, earth and alchemy

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3

Georg Baur

developed systematic metallurgy

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4

Robert Boyle

preformed experiments to measure relationship between the pressure and volume of air

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5

17th and 18th century

interest in combustion. Georg Stahl suggested phlogiston flowed out of burning material (false)

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6

Joseph Priestley

discovered that oxygen supported combustion

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7

Antoine Lavoisier

father of chem, las of conservation of mass, combustion involves oxygen and life process involves oxygen similarly

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8

law of conservation of mass

mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

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9

Joseph Proust

law of definite proportion

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10

law of definite proportion

given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass

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11

Jhon Dalton

suggested that elements were composed of tiny individual particles called atoms which can’t be divided into smaller particles (solid sphere model) , a given compound always contains the same combination of atoms, and the law of multiple proportions

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12

law of multiple proportions

when two elements form a series of compounds the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element they can always be reduced to small whole numbers

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13

Gay Lussac

measured volumes of gases react with each other under same temperature and pressure

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14

Amedeo

Avogadro’s hypothesis , at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gasses contain same number of particles

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15

JJ Thompson

studied electric discharge using cathode ray tubes, postulated the existence of negatively charged particles (electrons), determined the charge-to-mass ratio, and created the plum pudding model

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16

Cathode ray tube experiment

ray was produced at the negative electrode and was repelled by negative pole because of the same charge

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17

plum pudding model

spherical cloud of positive charge and electrons randomly embedded in it

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18

Robert milkman

oil drop experiment, discovered mass of electron

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19

Oil drop experiment

drops of oil from the atomizer became charged and using two charged plates and gravity the rate of droplets was controlled and calculated

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20

Henri Becquerel

discovered radioactivity and types, gamma- high energy light, beta- high speed electron and alpha- particles with e 2+ charge

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21

Ernest Rutherford

carried out an experiment on plum pudding named gold foil experiment and created a nuclear atom with positively charged nucleus

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22

Gold foil experiment

some particles passed through, some reflected and some refracted proving that there is a dense positively charged nucleus

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23

Daltons atomic theory

each element is made up tiny particles called atoms (true) atoms of a given element are identical (false) chemical compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine with each other (true) chemical reactions involve reorganizations of atoms (true)

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24
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25

Covalent bonds

share electrons

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26

ionic bonds

oppositely charged particles attract to on another

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27

periods

horizontal

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28

family/groups

vertically

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29

group 1A

+1 charge, alkali metals

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30

group 2A

+2 charge, alkaline earth metals

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31

group 7A

-1 charge, Halogens

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32

group 8A

0 charge, noble gasses

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33

Transition metals

solve for charge except, Ag+1 Zn+2 Cd +2 Al+3

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34

Mercury (I)

Hg22+

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35

OH-

Hydroxide

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36

CN-

Cyanide

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37

ClO2-

Chlorite

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38

Acetate

C2H3O2-

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39

permanganate

MnO4

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40

CrO4-2

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41

Peroxide

O2 -2

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42

per-

four oxygens

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43

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

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44

HClO

hydrichlorus acid

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45

H3PO4

phosphoric acid

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46

H3 PO3

Phosphorous acid

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47

-ates (not included: oxygen or fluorine)

3 or 4 oxygens depending on where it is

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48

-ites (not included: oxygen, fluorine or carbon)

3 or 2 oxygens depending on where it is

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49

Charges for -ates and -ites

normal except period two is shifted down two

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