drugs, hormones, neurotransmitters, brain scans

adrenaline

hormone, stress, sympatic ns response, adrenaline gladns

leptin

hormone: decreases apetite. secreted by fats cells which increases metabolism

PYY

hormone: decreases apettite. sends' ‘im not hungry’ messages to the brain

ghrelin

hormone: increases apetite. secreted by empty stomach

orexin

hormone: increases appetite. secreted by hypothalamus

melatonin

hormone: produced by the pineal gland

oxytocin

hormone: childbrith, sexual pleasure, produced in hypothalamus and released by pituitary gland.

endorphins

hormone: released by endocrine glands when experiencing pain/stress but also pleasure

substance p

neuropeptide: causes agressive behavior when pain is percieved

depressants

drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions

alcohol

depressant; slows brain activity that controls judgement and inhibitions, can disrupt memory formstion, reduced self awarness

barbituates (tranquilizers)

depressant; depress nervous system activity; can be prescribed to induce sleep and reduce anxiety; large doeses can impair memory and judgement

opiods

depressant; opium and its derivative; depress neural fucntioning, when flooded to brain, brain stops producing endorphins, the natural opiods

ex: heroin, oxytocin, morphine, fentanyk

stimulants

excite neural activity and speed up body processes

nicotine

stimulant; arouses brain to alterness, relaxes muscles, supresses apetite, withdraw symptoms go away over 6 months. ex: tobacco

cocaine

stimulant; depletes supply of dopamine, serotoning, norepinphrine, enters blood quickly

metamphetamine

stimulant; triggers teh release of dopamine, hightening energy and euphoria

ecstacy

stimulant; also a mild hallucinogen; releases stored serotonin and blocks reuptake, slows thoughts, imapirs memory, suppresses immune system, causes increased risk of permanantly depressed states

hallucinogens

distorts perceptions and evokes sensory images without sensory input, in which people frequently feel seperated from their bodies

LSD

hallucinogen; hofmann created, causes euphoria to panic to detachment; interferes with serotonin transmisssionsms

marijuanna

hallucinogen; induces halluciations, delusions, anxierty, effects similar to depressant alcohol, can last in the body for a week, can accumalate in body tissues, can lead to anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts

psychoactive drugs

chemicals that alter the brain, changes mood and perceptions, and most of the time, they mimic neurotransmitters

eeg (electroencephalogram)

is an amplified readout of electrical activity in you’re brain’s billions of neurons sweeps in regular waves across its surface

MEG magnetoncephalography

measures magnetic fields from brain’s natural electrical activity

CT computed tomography scan

examines the brain by taking x-ray photos that can reveal brain damage

pet positron emission tomography

depicts brain activity by showing each brain area’s consumption of its chemical fuel, sugar glucose, and shows the most active brain areas as a person completes a task

mri magnetic resonance imaging

a techniques that uses radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue. shows brain anatomy

only shows structure

fMRI functional mri

reveals blood flow and brain activity by compaing succesive mri scans,

shows both structure and function

hindbrain

pons, medulla, cerebellumf

midbrain

connect hind with fore

controls some motor movements, transmits audityory and visual information

forbrain

cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus