Transmission: Translators and Pilgrims

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on transmission, translation, and pilgrimage related to Buddhism.

What were the main reasons for making a pilgrimage to India for Buddhist monks?

To procure original texts, learn directly from teachers, invite Indian teachers to preach, and visit sacred Buddhist sites.

Who was Lokaksema and why is he significant?

A Kushan monk who was the first known translator of Mahayana scriptures into Chinese around 170 CE.

What role did Kumarajiva play in Buddhist translation?

He was a Kuchean monk known for translating significant Buddhist texts into Chinese between 334-413 CE.

What is the significance of the Silk Road in the context of Buddhism?

It facilitated the spread of Buddhism and trade, connecting regions from China to the Mediterranean.

What are the challenges faced during the translation of Buddhist texts?

Issues of form vs. meaning, style vs. accuracy.

Who was Xuanzang and what contributions did he make to Buddhism?

He was a renowned monk who traveled to India to study and translate Buddhist texts, advocating for accurate translations.

What does 'Mahayana' mean in Buddhism?

It translates to 'Great Vehicle' and emphasizes the Bodhisattva path compared to 'Hinayana', the 'Lesser Vehicle'.

Describe the concept of 'emptiness' (shūnyatā) in Buddhism.

It refers to the idea that all phenomena lack inherent existence and arise dependently, highlighting the interconnectedness of all beings.

What is the importance of the Vimalakīrti Sutra?

It presents teachings on non-duality, the Bodhisattva path, and emphasizes that enlightenment is accessible to all.