Chapter 1 AI Human Disease

How is a disease defined in a medical context?

A change in structure or function is considered abnormal

What term described a derangement or abnormality in function?

Disorder

A syndrome is defined as a group of __.

Symptoms

Term: pathology

The study of diseases

What is the professional title for someone who studies diseases?

Pathologist

Microorganisms that cause disease are known as __.

Pathogens

What does the term pathogenesis describe?

How a disease progresses

The cause of a disease is referred to as its __.

Etiology

What is the term for a disease with an unknown cause?

Idiopathic

A problem that arises as a result of medical treatment is called__.

Iatrogenic

What is the term for a disease acquired from a hospital environment?

Nosocomial

List the five primary predisposing factors that can lead to disease

Age, sex, environment, lifestyle, and heredity

The identification or naming of a disease is known as a(n) __.

Diagnosis

In the diagnostic process, what are symptoms?

Problems reported by the patient

How are medical signs defined compared to symptoms?

Signs are what a physician sees or measures

What is an epidemic?

A large number of peopel diagnosed with the same disease in one region

A(n) __ occurs when an epidemic affects an exceptionally large area, even worldwide.

Pandemic

What diagnostic test determines all blood cell counts?

Complete blood count (CBC)

What is the purpose of a urinalysis?

To examine urin abnormalities

What does electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) record?

Electrical activity in the heart

What is the purpose of a blood glucose test?

To determine glucose levels

Which diagnostic test provides a detailed examination of body structures using axial imaging?

Computerized axial tomograpgy (CT)

What is the definition of prognosis?

The expected outcome of a disease

A disease with a sudden onset and short duration is described as __.

Acute

How is chronic disease characterized?

It is insidious and long-lasting

What term describes the disappearance of symptoms during a disease?

Remission

What is an exacerbation?

A flare-up of symptoms

The onset of a second disease or disorder during the course of an existing one is called a(n) __

Complication

What does the term mortality mean?

Being mortal or subject to death

What terms are used interchangeably with deadly in a medical prognosis?

Fatal or lethal

What is the central philosophy of holistic medicine?

Consideration of the whole person rather than just physical symptoms

According to the holistic model, the spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional areas work__.

Interdependently

List four common medical interventions used as treatments

Medication, surgery, exercise, and nutrition

Besides physical interventions, which two forms of support are key to treatment?

Physical therapy and education

Care given specifically to prevent the development of a disease is called __.

Preventive care

What is the goal of palliative care?

To prevent discomfort without curing the disease

Medical ethics are defined as standards of conduct and __.

Moral judgment

What is bioethics?

Ethics applied to medical or life decisions

Which of the following is NOT a standard precaution: handwashing, wearing gloves, or wearing closed-toed shoes?

Wearing closed-toes shoes

What is the most basic standard precaution used for disease prevention?

Handwashing

When should eye protection be worn according to standard precaution guidlines?

When there is a risk of splashes or sprays of body fluids

Standard precautions include the use of __ to protect hands from contamination

Gloves