PLTW Biomed 1.2.4 - 1.2.5 Quiz

cell

the smallest unit of life

tissues

cells formed together to make...

organs

tissues form together to make...

organ systems

organs form together to make...

the nervous system contains

brain, brain stem, spinal cord, and nerves

the nervous system is responsible for...

receiving, interpreting, and reacting to signals from inside and outside the body

central nervous system

the brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

all the nerves in the body

frontal lobe

responsible for planning and organizing incoming information

temporal lobe

used for processing language and story information in the long-term memory

parietal lobe

crucial in integrating sensory and visual information

occipital lobe

receives and processes sensory and nerve impulses from the eyes

what might a medical examiner learn by looking at the gross anatomy of the brain?

how the brain functions, the parts of the brain, and more

magnetic resonance imaging (mri)

a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to take pictures

traumatic brain injury

a brain dysfunction caused by an outside force to the head

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

a progressive degenerative, and/or death of nerve cells caused by repeated head injuries

what is a gross exam?

the process by which pathology specimens are inspected with the bare eye

2 methods used in performing a gross exam of a brain during an autopsy

traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

nervous tissue

made up of specialized cells called neurons, work to receive, interpret, and respond to signals

epithelial tissue

this tissue works to absorb, secrete, protect, and sense; this tissue lines the outer surfaces of all organs and blood vessels

muscle tissue

makes up the muscles found in our body; can be striated, smooth, or cardiac

connective tissue

supports and connects other tissue types in the body

what is a concussion?

an injury to the head that causes the brain to quickly move back and forth

what happens to neurons during a concussion?

neurons are damaged

short term effects of a concussion:

- headache
- dizziness
- memory defects
- sensitivity to light or noise
- ringing in the ears
- emotional irregularities
- nausea

what are the potential long-term effects of a concussion?

long term deficits

cardiovascular system

the transport system of the body, responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other waste

the heart is responsible for...

controlling the flow of blood around the body, ensuring that essential nutrients are delivered, and wastes are transported for disposal

the interior heart contains

4 chambers

upper chambers

left and right atria

left atrium

connects to the lungs

right atrium

connects to the veins

lower chambers

left and right ventricles

left ventricle

connects to the aorta

right ventricle

connects to the main pulmonary

valves are...

a body structure that temporarily closes a passage

the atria and ventricles are separated by...

valves

tricuspid valve

separates right atrium from right ventricle

mitral valve

separates left atrium from left ventricle

pulmonary valve

permits blood to flow into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle

aortic valve

permits blood to flow into the aorta from the left ventricle

arteries are responsible for...

carrying blood away from the heart

veins are responsible for...

returning blood back to the heart

the tricuspid and mitral valve can also be called...

atrioventricular valves

the pulmonary and aortic valves can also be called...

semilunar valves

septum

the thick muscle that separates the left and right sides

apex

the bottom of the heart (should point towards the right)

the blood flows out of the heart through the...

pulmonary ans systemic circulation

pulmonary circulation

moves blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and back to the heart to deliver oxygenated blood

systemic circulation

pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

vena cava (inferior and superior)

veins

agina

a chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood

atherosclerosis

refers to the build-up of fats or other substances in or on your artery wall (plaque)

myocardial infarction

a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle (heart attack)

aortic valve stenosis

narrowing of the valve in the large blood vessel branching off the heart

patent foramen ovale

a hole in the heart that didn't close all the way it should have after birth

congestive heart failure

a chronic condition when the heart doesn't pump blood as well as it should

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

a condition that causes the heart muscle to become thick; makes it hard for the heart to pump blood

ventricular septal defect

an opening or hole in the heart, between the hearts ventricles; allows oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix

bacterial endocarditis

the inflammation of the inner linings of your heart chambers and valves; usually caused by infection

what happens to tissues if oxygenated blood isn't delivered in a timely manner

the tissues start to die because the cells will be derived of oxygen