Biol 102 Unit 5 (copy)

Adhesions,Tissues

Proteoglycans contain both macromolecules

Proteins and sugars

Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans function to allow

Compression

Collagen provides

Tissue Strength

In plants, Cellulose acts as ____ for plants

Structure

Cellulose is made of

Sugars

Extracellular matrix is linked to the ______ in animal cells

Cytoskeleton

Cellulose is aligned to ___ in plant cells

Microtubules

For Hemidesmosomes, Linkers or attachement prteins attached integrins to

intermediate Filaments

Integrins are composed of

Alpha and Beta proteins

What are the two types of integrins

Hemidesmosomes and Focal adhesions

What sequence of amino acids is commonly found in peptides and is known to interact with integrins on the surface of cells

RGD - Arginine Glycine Asparagine

what cell surface protein do Hemidesmosomes use

integrin

what cell surface protein do Desmosomes

Cadherins

What cell surface protein do Focal adhesions use

integrin

What cell surface proteins do tight junctions use

Claudin and oculdins

What cell surface proteins do gap junctions use

connexin

Collagen exist where in relation to cells and in what form

Outside the cells, In fibers

Where are collagen triple helices formed

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

How does Procollagen turn into collogen

Unstructured amino acid sequences and the N and C termini are cleaved

Describe a cell cluster Assay and its purpose.

Place detached cells in a dish with ECM proteins and observe how they connect. This defines whether a cell adhesion molecule function properly.

What is the purpose of a hemidesmosome

Anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane in the ECM

What is the purpose of tight junctions

Connect adjacent epithelial cells and create a barrier that regulates the passage or substances between cells.

How do tight junctions Polarize epithelial cells.

By creating a a tight junction at the apical layer of the cell it separates the environments at the tops and bottoms of the cell.

Which adhesion does not have linker proteins to attach cytoskeletal fibers to the adhesion complex

Gap juctions

Cadherins: Homo or Heterophilic?

Homophilic

Integrins: Homo or Heterophilic?

Heterophilic

Ig - Superfamily Cell Adhesion molecules : Homo or Heterophilic?

Homophilic

Selectins : Homo or Heterophilic?

Heterophilic

Which extracellular matrix proteins make up this tissue: Bones

Calcium Phosphate crystals and collegen

Which extracellular matrix proteins make up this tissue: Skin/dermis

Elastic Fibers

Which extracellular matrix proteins make up this tissue: Catilage

Proteoglycans

Integrin : Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - ECM

Cadherin: Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - Cell

Hemidesmosome: Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - ECM

Desmosome: Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - Cell

Tight Junction: Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - Cell

Adherences : Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - Cell

Gap Junction: Cell - Cell or Cell- ECM

Cell - Cell

Tissues

Groups of cells that preform a function

What are connective tissues are composed of ____ that give ____ to the cells

Extracellular Matrix, Strength

Tissues have an extracellular matrix that connects with the cells to ______

Communicate

Cellulose are sugars that line up to create

Microfiblils

Bones are mostly

Extracellular Matrix

The dermis is

Tough and flexible

Fibroblasts secret

extracellular matrix proteins

Proteoglycan monomers are called ___ and the interact via ____ and preform____

glycoproteins, Cell - ECM interactions , Signaling

Steps of Collogen formation

1) Single Peptide
2) Triple stranded collagen molecules
3) collagen fibril

What would happen if Collagen did not have defective ends within the fibroblast

The collagen would form collagen fibrils inside the fibroblast

How does cartilage prevent your bones from scraping when you bend and jump

Proteoglycans that make up cartilage attract water molecules, allowing it to expand and resist compression

What are integrins

cell surface receptors that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix and connect to the cytoskeleton via intracellular linker proteins

How are integrins able to interact with so many different components of the cytoskeleton

Different combination of alpha and beta subunits allow different combinations and binding

what are Linker Proteins

intracellular molecules that connect transmembrane receptors to the cytoskeleton

What is the cell surface protein for adherends junctions

Cadherins

Adherens connect to

actin filaments in the cytoskeleton

Desmosome connect to

Intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton

Tight juctions allow ____ to flow through but not ____

Ions, large molecules

Tight junctions start as

adheren juctions

Gap junction function as ___ between cells

Channels

Defects in Desmosomes/ Cadherins lead to ____ while defects in Tight junctions lead to

Blisters, Infections

Explain how a reporter gene can be used to investigate a regulatory gene

A regulatory gene can be taken from the subject of study and placed into a vector with a reporter gene. Depending on how this reporter gene is expressed the purpose of the regulatory gene can be discovered