AICE International History (1870–1945)

Nationalism

Strong pride in one's nation and the belief that a nation should govern itself, often putting national interests above others.

Pact

A formal agreement or treaty between two or more countries.

Dictator

A ruler with complete control over a country's government, often gaining power through force and ruling without consent of the people.

Patriotism

Love for and devotion to one's country.

Barter

A system of exchange in which goods and services are traded directly without using money.

Racism

The belief that one race is superior to others, often leading to discrimination or persecution.

Pacifist

A person who believes that war and violence are wrong and should be avoided.

Arbitration

The process of settling a dispute by having a neutral third party make a decision.

Nobel Peace Prize

An international award given annually to individuals or groups who have worked to promote peace.

Unanimous Decision

A decision in which all members of a group agree.

Reparations

Payments made by a defeated country to compensate for damage caused during war.

Monopoly

Complete control of an industry or market by one company, preventing competition.

The Gold Standard

A monetary system in which a country's currency is backed by gold.

Deflation

A decrease in the general level of prices, often caused by reduced money supply and economic decline.

Scorched Earth

A military strategy in which retreating forces destroy resources to prevent the enemy from using them.

Fascism

An authoritarian political system marked by strong nationalism, dictatorship, suppression of opposition, and control of the economy.

Ratify

To formally approve or confirm a treaty or agreement.

Genocide

The deliberate attempt to destroy an entire racial, ethnic, or religious group.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power by conquering or controlling other territories.

Covenant

A formal agreement or promise, especially the founding agreement of the League of Nations.

Ultimatum

A final demand backed by a threat, requiring immediate acceptance.

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes and runs a business, taking financial risks to make a profit.

Repatriation

The return of people to their home country, often after war or displacement.

Isolationism

A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries.