greece study world final

Greek Geography

Mountainous terrain poor farmland and long coastline

Mountains in Greece

Divided regions and limited overland travel

Poor Farmland in Greece

Forced Greeks to rely on trade and the sea

Long Coastline of Greece

Encouraged seafaring trade and naval power

Effect of Greek Geography

Prevented political unity

Greek City States (Polis)

Independent self governing city states

Why Greece Had City States

Geography made central control difficult

Greek Political Unity

Greece never formed a unified empire early on

Greek Economy

Trade based economy due to limited farmland

Greek Colonization

Greeks established colonies around the Mediterranean Sea

Greek Geography Cause and Effect

Geography led to independent city states rather than a unified empire

Early Greek Government

Greece did not begin as a democracy

Monarchy in Greece

Rule by kings

Oligarchy in Greece

Rule by wealthy elites

Tyranny in Greece

Power seized by force often by a single ruler

Greek Tyrants

Often gained support from common people

Democracy in Greece

Developed mainly in Athens

Athenian Democracy Type

Direct democracy

Direct Democracy

Citizens vote directly on laws

Athenian Citizens

Adult male Athenians only

Excluded from Athenian Democracy

Women slaves and foreigners

Limitation of Greek Democracy

Not inclusive or modern

Key Idea Greek Democracy

Democracy was limited and applied to few people

Athens Government

Democracy

Athens Culture

Focused on education philosophy and the arts

Athens Economy

Trade based economy

Athens Values

Individual freedom and creativity

Sparta Government

Oligarchy with two kings

Sparta Society

Military focused society

Sparta Values

Discipline obedience and strength

Sparta Economy

Based on agriculture and conquest

Spartan Life

State controlled from birth

Athens vs Sparta Difference

Athens valued intellect while Sparta valued military strength

Test Comparison Athens and Sparta

Athens emphasized intellectual achievement Sparta emphasized military power

Greek Philosophy

Use of reason logic and questioning to understand life

Socrates

Focused on ethics and questioning beliefs

Socratic Method

Asking questions to expose faulty thinking

Plato

Student of Socrates who believed in ideal forms

Plato Republic

Described an ideal government led by philosopher kings

Aristotle

Student of Plato who emphasized logic science and observation

Aristotle Contributions

Advanced biology physics and political science

Importance of Greek Philosophy

Shaped Western thought and government

Greek Olympics

Athletic competitions held to honor the gods

Greek Drama

Included tragedies and comedies

Greek Tragedy

Serious plays about human suffering

Greek Comedy

Plays that used humor and satire

Greek Architecture

Known for columns such as Doric Ionic and Corinthian

Greek Math and Science

Foundations for future scientific study

Greek Cultural Achievements

Influenced Western civilization

Cause of Greek Decline

Constant warfare between city states