Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry

These flashcards cover key concepts in chemical reactions, stoichiometry, oxidation-reduction processes, and reaction yields.

Oxidized

A substance is oxidized when it loses electrons.

Reduced

A substance is reduced when it gains electrons.

Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction that usually involves oxygen as a reactant and produces heat and light.

Oxidizing Agent

The reactant that gains electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction.

Catalytic Hydrogenation

A chemical reaction in which hydrogen is added across a multiple bond, typically using a platinum catalyst.

Mole

A unit used to measure the amount of substance, defined as containing exactly 6.022 \times 10^{23} particles.

Balanced Chemical Equation

An equation that shows the equal number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that limits the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction due to its lower quantity.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Yield of a Reaction

The quantity of product obtained from a chemical reaction, often expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield.

Redox Reaction

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons, where one substance is oxidized and another is reduced.

Reducing Agent

The reactant that loses electrons and causes the reduction of another substance in a redox reaction. It gets oxidized.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be formed from the complete reaction of the limiting reactant, calculated stoichiometrically.

Actual Yield

The quantity of product experimentally obtained from a chemical reaction.

Avogadro's Number

The number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 \times 10^{23}