Acids, Bases and Salts

acid

A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, pH below 7, and turns blue litmus red.

base

A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, pH above 7, and turns red litmus paper blue.

salt

An ionic compound made from the neutralization of an acid with a base. pH of 7 (neutral)

neutral

A solution with a pH of 7.

acidic

pH < 7;

Contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

basic

pH > 7;

Contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

alkaline

A synonym for basic solutions; pH > 7

pH

A number scale use to identify acids and bases. "Potential/Power of Hydrogen" Above 7 = basic, below 7 = acidic, 7 = neutral

H+

hydrogen ion; when H+ ions outnumber the OH- ions a solution is acidic.

OH-

hydroxide ion; when OH- ions outnumber the H+ ions a solution is basic.

ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

compound

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

The gas given off when a metal reacts with an acid

hydrogen

The way to separate an insoluble solid from a solution

filtering

The way to separate a soluble salt from a solution

evaporation

precipitate

the solid product (insoluble)

soluble

when a chemical dissolves

insoluble

when a chemical does not dissolve