CH 9: Physical and Cognitive- Middle Childhood

School years (age 6-11): _________ activities and relationships

expand

School years (age 6-11):Take on _____________ challenges

real world

School years (age 6-11): Learn key skills for ______________

social life

Body growth in this period is what?

Steady growth

Body Growth: Girls are ____________ until 9, then grow faster

smaller

Legs grow _________

fastest

Greater than 20% increase over healthy weight, based on BMI and this is what it is if over 95th percentile?

Obesity

Overweight is over the what?

85th percentile

Rising obesity worldwide due to what?

Sedentary lifestyle and diets high of processed foods

What are some causes of obesity?

Genetics, unhealthy diets, parenting, stress

Obese children are likely to stay obese into ____________

adulthood

What are the short term effects of obesity in children?

high bp and cholesterol, breathing issues, and insulin resistance

What are the long term effects of obesity in children?

Heart disease, diabetes, and early death

____________ in childhood diabetes if the child is obese

increase

What are the psychological and social effects of obesity?

Stereotyping, social isolation, anxiety, lower academic performance

What type of motor skills are girls better at in middle childhood?

Fine-motor skills = balance and agility

What type of motor skills are boys better at in middle childhood?

Gross-motor skills = sports

In middle childhood, motor skills are influenced by what?

Parents, self view, coaching and media

What skills do games with rules in middle childhood give?

Perspective taking and social and emotional growth

Piaget’s concrete operational stage has shown that children here understand what?

Conservation

Piaget’s concrete operational stage has shown that children are better at what?

classification

Piaget’s concrete operational stage has shown that children improved what?

spatial thinking

Amount stays the same despite appearance changes?

Conservation

Focus on multiple aspects?

Decentration

Mentally reverse steps?

Reversibility

Classification: Can group items into categories, understand _________________, and can think about multiple groups at once

class inclusion

Arrange items in order, and this is developed at age 6-7?

Seriation

Can do seriation mentally?

Transitive inference

Executive function: Better attention =?

selective and flexible

Executive function: Improved _____________________

working memory

Executive function: _________ complex tasks, self-monitor, self-correct

handle

Executive function: __________ can affect performance

poverty

Theory of Mind: Around age 7, understand others have wrong beliefs, what is this?

False belief

Theory of Mind: Think about what multiple people are thinking at once?

Recursive thought

Intelligence testing: Test many student at once?

Group test

Intelligence testing: More detailed, identifies strengths and problems?

Individual test

Intelligence testing: Examiner observes what?

answers and behavior

For IQ, both ___________________________ matter

genetics and environment

IQ rises across generations that show _________________________

environmental effects

IQ testing scores are affected by what?

Language and communication differences

Fear of conforming negative group stereotypes?

Stereotype threat

This is the period where kids learn languages more easily?

Sensitive period

Bilingualism helps with what?

Thinking skills, language awareness, and reading

Bilingual education benefits are what?

Easier learning and more engagement

IQ>130 are what type of children?

Academically gifted

Giftedness: One correct answer?

Convergent thinking

Giftedness: Many unique ideas?

Divergent thinking

Giftedness: Exceptional skill in a specific area?

Talent

Educating gifted children: ____________ in regular class

enrichment

Educating gifted children: Pull out for ________________

special lessions

Educating gifted children: Skipping to _________________

higher grade

Improve attention but not enough done?

Stimulant meds for ADHD

ADHD affects 5% of U.S kids, more common in ______

boys

What are some symptoms of ADHD?

Inattention, hyperactivity, emotional control issues

What kind of problems does ADHD cause?

Academic and social problems

What are the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder?

Difficulty with social interaction and restrict, repetitive behaviors

ASD is caused by what?

Genetic and brain differences

What part of the brain is affected by ASD?

Cerebellum, amygdala, and frontal cortex

ASD: Less ________ → extra synapses

pruning