Untitled Flashcards Set

First (Neolithic) Agricultural Revolution

Marked the beginning of farming with plant and animal domestication, spreading through routes like the Roman Empire and Silk Road.

Second Agricultural Revolution

Occurred during the Industrial Revolution (1600s–1700s) and introduced new technology and farming methods that increased food production.

Green Revolution

The Third Agricultural Revolution that utilized high-yield seeds, chemicals, and mechanization to boost food output.

Von Thünen Model

A model explaining land use based on distance from a market, illustrating the arrangement of agricultural activities.

Hunter-gatherer societies

Societies that hunt and gather food instead of farming; they are typically nomadic.

Commercial farming

Growing crops or raising animals primarily for sale rather than for personal consumption.

Subsistence farming

Growing food mainly to feed one's family or community, not for commercial sale.

Shifting Cultivation

A farming practice where land is cleared and burned, used until nutrients are depleted, then abandoned.

Pastoral Nomadism

A form of agriculture where people move with their livestock seasonally in search of grazing areas.

Intensive Subsistence Farming

High-labor farming in areas with suitable climate conditions for crops, such as wet rice.

Plantation Agriculture

Large-scale, single-crop commercial farming typically found in tropical regions.

Fair Trade

A trading partnership that aims to ensure fair pay and benefits for farmers and workers in developing countries.

Aquaculture

The farming of fish and other aquatic organisms in controlled environments.

Luxury Crops

Non-essential, high-value crops such as coffee, tea, and cacao.

Desertification

The process by which land becomes increasingly arid and desert-like, often due to human activity.

Food Deserts

Areas with limited access to fresh and healthy food, leading to increased health issues.

Interdependence of Regions

The reliance of different regions on each other for food, resources, and services.

Intensive Farming

Agriculture that uses high labor and capital on small plots of land.

Bid-rent Theory

The theory that land value/use intensity decreases with distance from the market.

Challenges of Feeding the Global Population

Issues such as climate change, water scarcity, and food waste that complicate food production efforts.

Environmental impacts of food production

Negative effects including deforestation, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity that stem from agricultural practices.

Gender roles in agriculture

Women constitute about 40% of the global agricultural labor force, rising to 70% in subsistence regions.