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occurs in about 1 in every 500 births
ventricular septal defect - superior part of septum fails to form, allowing blood to mix between two ventricles. more blood is shunted from left to right because left ventricle is stronger

occurs in about 1 in every 1,500 births
coarctation of the aorta - part of aorta is narrowed, increasing the workload off the left ventricle

occurs in about 1 in every 2,000 births
tetralogy of fallot - multiple defects
pulmonary trunk is too narrow and pulmonary valved stenosed, resulting in
hypertrophied RV
ventricular septal defect
aorta opens from both ventricles

left arrow
artery

right arrow
vein, more elastic and stretchy

what is this an example of
atherosclerosis - closed artery

what is this an example of
the muscular pump

upmost arrow (open)
venous valve

second upmost arrow (skeletal muscle)
contracted skeletal muscle - moving around helps veins

what is the venous valve
closed

bottom arrows are showing direction of what
blood flow

highlighted artery
superficial temporal artery

highlighted artery
facial artery

highlighted arrow
common carotid artery

highlighted arrow
brachial artery

highlighted arrow
radial artery

highlighted arrow
femoral artery

highlighted arrow
popliteal artery

highlighted arrow
posterior tibial artery

highlighted arrow
dorsal pedis artery