IMM: L32 Intro to Indigenous Health I

What are the 3 significant documents called?

UNDRIP, TRC Calls to Action, and In Plain Sight

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

• … and… of the human rights of Indigenous peoples

• BC Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act was passed as law in Nov …

Respect, recognition, 2019

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action (TRC Calls to Action)

• Calls to Action to … the legacy of … schools and advance the process of Canadian reconciliation

• Call to Action #23

  • We call upon all levels of government to:

    • i. Increase the … of Aboriginal professionals working in the health-care field.

    • ii. Ensure the … of Aboriginal health-care providers in Aboriginal communities.

    • iii. Provide cultural competency … for all healthcare professionals.

• Call to Action #24

  • “We call upon medical and nursing schools in Canada to require all students to take a course dealing with … health issues, including the history and legacy of residential schools, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Treaties and Aboriginal rights, and Indigenous teachings and practices. This will require skills-based training in intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism.”

redress, residential, number, retention, training, Aboriginal

In Plain Sight

• Summary report addressing Indigenous-specific … and … in B.C. Health Care

racism, discrimination

Negative Lens

• A … way of viewing an issue, focuses on deficiency, disadvantage, or problem-oriented perspectives of populations already marginalized

  • Reinforces negative …

  • NOT the same as being … or censoring ideas

• Many roots of a negative lens:

  • Western worldview of health focusing on describing problems and issues of a patient

  • Statistics and traditional research that emphasizes … outcomes

• E.g. Indian Tuberculosis article (on Canvas) of how they talk about “Indian’s” despite what it sounds like the authors trying to remain scientific and objective

negative, stereotypes, pessimistic, poor

…:

• Encompasses a variety of Aboriginal groups

• Frequently used in international context

• Used broadly for the first people of a land before colonizers

Indigenous

…:

• General term referring to a person who originated from that land

• Does NOT refer to any specific ethnicity — NOT distinct

• Native American most commonly used in the US

• Aboriginal or Indigenous preferred to Native

Native

…:

• Peoples who first lived in an area before colonizers

• Used after 1982, when the Canadian Constitution defined the term

• Includes 3 groups:

  • …

  • …

  • …

Aboriginal, Inuit, First Nations, Metis

… people historically lived in North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, below the Arctic

First Nations

… people historically lived along the coastal edge and on the islands of Canada’s far north

Inuit

… people descended from the historical joining of First Nations members and Europeans

Metis

…:

• Refer to Indigenous peoples, who are neither Metis nor Inuit

• Does not have a legal definition

• Plural refers to ethnicity

• Singular refers to a single band; a community or cultural group

  • E.g. Haida Nation, Musqueam Nation

First Nations

…:

• In Canada, Inuk (singular) or … (plural) is the preferred term for the indigenous people of the Arctic

• In the US, Eskimo is still used for indigenous people of Alaska

  • common usage has been discouraged by the Inuit

  • Derived from a derogatory word meaning “eaters of raw meat”

Inuit

…:

• Originally used to refer to the descendants of early 18th and 19th century French or Scottish fur traders and Indigenous women in mid-west

• Today, … refers to people of a specific ancestry of mixed geneology

• Legal context refers to descendants of specific historic communities

Metis

The … is a Canadian federal law governing status, bands, and reserve land

Indian Act

Status and Non-Status:

• Legal identity as registered under the … Indian Act on the Indian Register, enables various benefits

• Criteria for being “status” has changed several times including …, …, …

• Eligibility determined through ancestry, not …

• A person may be non-status for various reasons

  • e.g. if they do not meet the criteria for registration, has chosen not to register or has voluntarily relinquished status

1876, ancestry, marriage, education, blood

Status:

• Note that the use of “status” Indian definition is largely seen as a government initiative to systematically … Indian identity

• Losing status originally meant they lost membership in their …, could not access resources on …, access funding, etc

• E.g. originally, people would lose “status” for things like:

  • Woman marrying a non-status man

  • Obtaining a university degree or became a professional (pharmacist, lawyer, etc)

  • Joining the armed forces

remove, Band, Reserves

…: the appropriation of Indigenous knowledge and biodiversity to gain exclusive use through intellectual property rights without benefits for Indigenous nations

Biopiracy