Chapter 3- Colonial Ways of Life

women's work

a term formerly used to denigrate domestic and caregiving tasks that were once thought to be the responsibility of females

Age of Reason

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

bawdy houses

Another name for brothels, disorderly houses where men frequented

birth rate in early settlements

people married earlier than they did in europe, leading to higher birth rates and larger families

Deists

Believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate according to Natural Laws

domestic sphere

Belief that women's role should be within the home

Enlightenment

A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening.

headright system

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Huguenots

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

James Davenport

A deranged revivalist who traveled along the Connecticut Coast in 1742 playing upon popular emotion. He urged people to burn books written by authors who had not experienced the New Light.

John Locke

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

John Zenger

Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty.

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

King's College

Founded in New York in 1754 and later renamed Columbia, was very devoted to the spread of secular knowledge and had no theological faculty.

Mennonites

founded by Dutch leader Menno Simmons became descendants of Anabaptists and emphasized pacifism.

naturalization policies

policies outlining the path to citizenship - typically included acquiring property, voting and holding office, and receiving royal grants of land

NY black codes

codes that dictated the rights of black people, strictly regulated slaver behavior

Old Light vs New Light

old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary; new lights were the more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening

patroonship

A vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in early 1600s. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle 50 people on them.

Pennsylvania Backcountry

large distribution point for ethnic groups of European origin

Puritan work ethic

the idea that work is a gift from God and a means of glorifying Him

race-based slavery

Institution that uses racial characteristics and myths to justify enslaving a people by force.

Salem Witch Trials

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts . 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Samuel Parris

1690-Salem's minister who called for the condemnation of witches led by his daughter Betty's bizarre behavior. Namely accusing tituba(slave) of witchcraft. Significance: Strong driver of tensions and chaos in Salem and one of its first accusors.

Sarah Osborne

An elderly poor midwife who was at birth of three Putnam babies who were born dead; accused witch

shipbuilding industry

One of the major industries in New England during the Colonial Era. New Englanders made some of the best ships in the world. This contributed to the growth of New England as a center of trade and promoted the growth of the triangular trade. New England was openly defying the mercantilist system.

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

One of Jonathan Edwards' most famous sermons, which warned listeners of Hell

slave codes

Laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights.

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to S. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

Act Against Intemperance, Immortality, and Profaneness

targeted taverns that had become "nurseries of intemperance" and tightened the process of issuing licenses for sale of liquor, eliminated fiddle playing in pubs, called for pubic posting of the names of "common drunkards" and banned the sale of run and brandy

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

New England Primer

widely used New England schoolbook that taught lessons of social duty and Christian faith, as well as reading and writing

township grants

huge tracts of land; awarded to organized groups of settlers; granted to settlers to create a town

William Tennent

Presbyterian minister who played a chief role in the Great Awakening in Central New Jersey by calling prayer meetings known as the Refreshings around the 1730's. Another one of his significant projects was the founding of his influential Log College which had teachers educated in all areas of study.

Benjamin Franklin

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.

Cotton mather

minister, part of Puritan New England important families, a sholar, one of first americans to pemote vaccination of smallpox when it was believed to be dangerous, strongly believed on witches, encouraged witch trials in salem

death rate in early settlements

was about 50% in early years but when they became settled it was lower in the colonies than in Europe, whih led to rapid population growth

Elizabeth Pinckney

Woman who helped developed cultivation of the indigo plant, which was used to create blue dye. Rivaled rice as a source of wealth in South Carolina

Giles Corey

Elderly inhabitant of Salem. He challenges the court in an attempt to defend his wife who has been convicted of witchcraft. He is pressed to death as a result.

Poor Richard's Almanack

Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin. Best known for its proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, and common sense.

Religious Colleges

the great awakening gave rise to these denominational institutions that became a distinctive characteristic of american higher education

staple crops

crops that are continuously in demand

taverns

the places which served as cradles of democracy and where all social classes would mingle along main routes of travel

Tituba

Parris's slave from Barbados; first accused witch

triangular trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa