AMSCO WHAP 6.3-6.5

Túpac Amaru II

a hereditary chief in Southern Peru was descended from the last Inca ruler. instigated a revolt turned revolution against the Spanish

José Rizal

Filipino leader who stated the reform movement called Lipa Filipina

Usman dan Fodio

leader of the Sokoto Caliphate

Samory Touré

Mande chieftain in West Africa who fought the French

Muhammad Ahmad

Sudanese Islamic cleric who declared himself the Mahdi

Yaa Asantewaa

powerful Asante queen who inflicted high casualties on the British

Balkan Peninsula

southern Europe, east of Italy and west of Anatolia

Vietnam

eastern Indochina that maintained a degree of ethnic cohesion

Philippines

chain of Pacific islands, southeast of China

Sokoto Caliphate

In response to increased British presence in Africa, Usman Dan Fodio established this state in West Africa of mixed Islamic and traditional religious practices, attempted to use the slave trade to expand economic base

Sudan

location of the Mahdi revolt, eastern Saharan Africa

Asante Empire

pre-imperial state in West Africa

Ghost Dance

cultural movement that sought to raise the dead and push white people out of America

Indian Rebellion of 1857

revolt started by British Indian mercenaries that ended company rule

Philipine Rebellion

revolts against Spanish rule in 1896

Spanish-American War

conflict between Spain and United States in 1898

Philipine-American War

conflict between Filipinos and the United States over American contract of the islands

Maori wars

Conflict caused between indigenous peoples of New Zealand and the British centered around property rights. The British ultimately ignore the promises made to these people and by 1900 most indigenous land was lost to the British

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

movement by the Xhosa people in South Africa that led to them killing their cattle to bring vengeful spirits against the British

Anglo-Zulu Wars

almost successful conflict between the Zulu of South Africa and the British

Treaty of Paris

agreement that ended the Spanish-American War

Treaty of Waitangi

a promise between the British and Maori peoples established protected property rights for the Maori peoples

Proclamation of 1763

statement by the British that reserved land west of Appalachian mountains for indigenous Americans

Indian Removal Act

American law that moved Native Americans to Indian territory

Indian National Congress

established under the British Raj by British-educated Indians, began as a forum for airing grievances to the colonial government, it quickly began to call for self rule

Cherokee Nation

Native American tribe that assimilated many Western ideas

Aboriginal

these people have been living in Australia for an estimated 50,000 years and have the oldest continuous culture on Earth

Maori

Polynesian group indigenous to New Zealand

Xhosa

South African indigenous groups

Zulu

South African state

Mahdi

guided one in Arabic

Pan-Africanism

the concept that African people have a shared identity

Sepoys

Indian soldiers employed by the British

Raj

the colonial government that took its orders from the British government

Guano

bat/bird poop, high in nitrogen

Cotton

material woven into textiles, grown in the Southern colonies

Rubber

latex sap from trees, native to rainforests in Africa and South America

Palm Oil

lubricant and candle material, from West Africa

Ivory

elephant tusk, cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa

Copper

used in telegraph cables and power lines

Tin

made cans

Gold

valuable mineral, backs up currency

Diamonds

hard mineral, eventually turned into a luxury

Cecil Rhodes

Founder of De Beers Diamonds, invested enthusiastically in a railroad product to stretch from Cape Town to Cairo allowing for connection and this easier governing of Africa by the British

De Beers Mining

South African mining company that eventually controlled diamond production

Cash Crops

crops cultivated to be sold on the market

Export Economies

the increased demand for raw materials shift the role colonial economies played. Imperial attention was turned to tropical climates were many of these raw resources existed

Monocultures

single land to produce a single crop resulting in a lack of agricultural biodiversity particularly affecting developing countries, results in soil depletion and the clear cutting of forests and other zones to increase arable land

Railroads

enabled the movement of goods and people at a larger scale

Steamships

naval vessels powered by a steam engine

Telegraph

accelerated communication using electricity

Apartheid

racist policies used to separate Black Africans and white in South Africa

Spice Islands

present day Indonesia, controlled by the Dutch

Egypt

North African state that produced a lot of cotton

Sudan

Saharan African colony that was controlled by the plantation syndicate

Uganda

Sub-Saharan colony encouraged to grow cotton

Kenya

colony that used to be populated with herders, that lifestyle was ended by the British

Gold Coast

colony that produced a lot of cocoa

Argentina

South American country invested and influenced by the British

Treaty of Nanking

treaty that forced China to open four more ports

Opium Wars

wars between Britain and China over China's restrictive trade patterns

Opium

an addictive hallucinogenic drug that also relieves pain and reduces stress

Pampas

the grassy plains of Argentina

East India Company

a European joint-stock company focused on maximizing extraction from the Indian Ocean

Dutch East India Company

company that developed the Dutch East Indies

Economic Imperialism

when foreign business interests, not states, influence another countries for their own benefit

Culture System

Dutch system that compelled farmers to monoculture or labor

Corvée Labor

compulsory unpaid work

Spheres of Influence

areas where China was forced to exclusive trading rights to national businesses

Cash crop

crop grown to be sold

Banana Republics

small Central American countries under the economic power of foreign-based corporations