🧪 PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY FLASHCARD REVIEWER

1️⃣ What is the family name of Group IIIA elements?

- Boron Family

2⃣ What is the symbol for boron? 

- B

3⃣ What is the main use of Boric acid (H₃BO₃)? -

Antiseptic & eyewash (2%)

4️⃣ What is Borax (Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O) used for? -

Astringent & component of Dobell’s solution

5️⃣ Which aluminum compound acts as an antacid? -

Al(OH)₃ (Amphojel)

6️⃣ Which aluminum compound is used as an antiperspirant? -

AlCl₃

7️⃣ What is the toxic effect of aluminum exposure? -

Shaver’s disease / Alzheimer’s risk

8️⃣ What is the pharmacologic property of boric acid? -

Weak bacteriostatic

9️⃣ Which element in Group IIIA has MRI contrast applications? -

Gadolinium (Gd³⁺)

🔟 What is the Etymology of “Amphojel”? -

Amphoteric + Gel

12️⃣ What is Activated Charcoal used for? -

Antidote / adsorbent for poisons

13️⃣ What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

- CO₂

14️⃣ What are uses of CO₂ in medicine? -

Respiratory stimulant & cryotherapy (dry ice)

15️⃣ What compound is used as tablet lubricant and desiccant? -

Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)

16️⃣ What is the pharmaceutical use of Lead subacetate? -

Astringent & antiseptic

17️⃣ What is the toxic condition from lead exposure called? -

Plumbism (lead poisoning)

18️⃣ What element in this group is used in electronics but toxic at high levels? -

Germanium (Ge)

19️⃣ Which carbon form is used for adsorption in masks? -

Activated Carbon

20️⃣ What is the main danger of Pb²⁺ compounds? -

Cumulative toxicity

21️⃣ What is Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) used for? -

Sunscreen & opacifying agent

22️⃣ What is Zirconium used for in pharmacy? -

Deodorant (banned now)

23️⃣ What disease can zirconium cause in skin tissue? -

Granulomas

24️⃣ What are the oxidation states of Ti? -

+3, +4

25️⃣ Which compound is both inert and photo-protective? -

TiO₂

26️⃣ What is the common name of N₂O? -

Laughing gas

27️⃣ What is N₂ used for in pharmaceutical practice? -

Inert atmosphere / preservation

28️⃣ What is the use of Nitrous oxide in medicine? -

Anesthetic

29️⃣ Which phosphorus allotrope is used as rat poison? -

White phosphorus

30️⃣ What is Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) used to treat? -

Leukemia (chemotherapy)

31️⃣ What drug is known as Compound 606? -

Salvarsan (arsphenamine)

32️⃣ What is the use of Antimony potassium tartrate? -

Expectorant / emetic

33️⃣ What bismuth compound is used for stomach relief? -

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

34️⃣ What is a major side effect of antimony toxicity? -

Myocardial damage

35️⃣ What element gives iridescent crystals in some formulations? -

Bismuth

36️⃣ What is the formula for oxygen gas? -

O₂

37️⃣ What is oxygen used for medically? -

Treatment of hypoxia / respiratory aid

38️⃣ What concentration of H₂O₂ is used as antiseptic? -

3%

39️⃣ What concentration of H₂O₂ is used as bleach?

- 6%

40️⃣ What is the use of Sulfur ointment? -

Scabicide / antifungal / keratolytic

41️⃣ What is Selenium sulfide used for? -

Antidandruff lotion (2.5%)

42️⃣ What is the general property of this group’s elements? -

Form acidic oxides

43️⃣ What toxic gas does sulfur form when burned? -

SO₂ (Sulfur dioxide)

44️⃣ What element is essential for glutathione peroxidase activity? -

Selenium (Se)

45️⃣ What are sulfur compounds used for dermatologically? -

Acne, eczema, scabies

46️⃣ What is the biologically important oxidation state of Cr? -

Cr³⁺

47️⃣ What is the function of chromium in the body? -

Glucose tolerance factor

48️⃣ What toxicity is associated with Cr⁶⁺? -

Carcinogenic (lung cancer risk)

49️⃣ What is Molybdenum’s biological role? -

Cofactor in enzyme activity

50️⃣ What element is used in high-melting alloys but not pharmacologically? -

Tungsten (W)

51️⃣ What is the oxidation state of Mn in KMnO₄? -

+7

52️⃣ What is the use of Potassium permanganate (KMnO₄)? -

Oxidizing antiseptic, deodorant

53️⃣ What color change occurs when KMnO₄ is reduced? -

Purple to colorless

54️⃣ What is Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) used for? -

Radiopharmaceutical diagnostic imaging

55️⃣ What is the physical half-life of Tc-99m? -

6 hours

56️⃣ What does “m” in Tc-99m mean? -

Metastable (excited nuclear state)

57️⃣ What is the most used radioisotope in nuclear medicine? -

Tc-99m

58️⃣ What type of radiation does Tc-99m emit? -

Gamma radiation

59️⃣ What is the biological role of Mn? -

Enzyme activator (metabolism)

60️⃣ Which Mn compound is called “Mineral chameleon”? -

KMnO₄

61️⃣ What is the family name for Group VIIA? -

Halogens

62️⃣ What compound is used in toothpaste for caries prevention? -

NaF

63️⃣ What is the use of SnF₂? -

Anticaries agent

64️⃣ What is the function of Cl₂ in water treatment? -

Disinfectant

65️⃣ What compound is gastric acid in the body? -

HCl

66️⃣ What halogen compound acts as sedative? -

Bromides

67️⃣ What compound is used as iodine supplement and antiseptic? -

Lugol’s solution

68️⃣ What is an iodophor example used as antiseptic? -

Povidone-iodine

69️⃣ Which halogen is radioactive? -

Astatine (At)

70️⃣ What happens in iodine deficiency? -

Goiter

71️⃣ Which noble gas is used in deep-sea diving mixtures? -

Helium (He)

72️⃣ What is the use of Argon (Ar) in medicine? -

Inert gas for packaging and preservation

73️⃣ Which gas is used as an anesthetic? -

Xenon (Xe)

74️⃣ Which noble gas is radioactive and used for cancer therapy? -

Radon (Rn)

75️⃣ What is the property of noble gases that makes them safe in reactions? -

Chemically inert

76️⃣ What is the use of Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄)? -

Treatment of anemia

77️⃣ What is the side effect of ferrous salts? -

Constipation, black stools

78️⃣ Which element is a component of Vitamin B₁₂? -

Cobalt (Co)

79️⃣ What element is used in jewelry and as a catalyst but may cause dermatitis? -

Nickel (Ni)

80️⃣ What platinum compound is an anticancer agent? -

Cisplatin (PtCl₂(NH₃)₂)

81️⃣ What is Platinum’s primary medical use? -

Chemotherapy (anticancer)

82️⃣ What are Ruthenium and Iridium used for? -

Catalysts in chemical reactions

83️⃣ What is the oxidation state of Fe in hemoglobin? -

+2 (Ferrous)

84️⃣ What condition results from iron deficiency? -

Anemia

85️⃣ What element can replace Pt as an experimental anticancer agent? -

Ruthenium (Ru)

86️⃣ What is the most used radionuclide for imaging? -

Tc-99m

87️⃣ What radiopharmaceutical is used for liver imaging? -

Tc-99m Sulfur colloid

88️⃣ What is used for bone scanning? -

Tc-99m MDP (methylene diphosphonate)

89️⃣ What is used for renal imaging? -

Tc-99m DTPA

90️⃣ What is used for brain perfusion scan? -

Tc-99m HMPAO

91️⃣ What is used for biliary tract imaging? -

Tc-99m Mebrofenin

92️⃣ What is used for cardiac infarct scan? -

Tc-99m Pyrophosphate

93️⃣ What isotope is used for thyroid imaging and therapy? -

Iodine-131 (I-131)

94️⃣ What is used for plasma volume determination? -

I-131 Human Serum Albumin

95️⃣ What isotope is used for vitamin B₁₂ absorption studies? -

Co-57 Cyanocobalamin

96️⃣ What kind of radiation is used for diagnostic imaging? -

Gamma rays

97️⃣ What kind of radiation is used for therapy? -

Beta or alpha emitters

98️⃣ What safety principle minimizes radiation exposure? -

Time, distance, shielding

99️⃣ What instrument measures radiation exposure? -

Geiger-Müller counter

100️⃣ What does “radiopharmaceutical” mean?

- A drug containing radioactive atoms used for diagnosis or therapy

11⃣ What element forms the basis of all organic compounds? →

Carbon (C)