Human Geo Unit 2

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

life expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live

Hypothesis

testable explanation of a situation

population density

A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land

fertility rate

the average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime, if she had children at the current rate for her country

mortality rate

number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time

infant mortality rate

The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.

Migration rate

immigration rate minus emigration rate

Immigration

Migration to a new location

Emmigration

movement of individuals out of a population

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.

dependency ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Demographic Transition Model

A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.

population distribution

Description of locations on Earth's surface where populations live

exponential population growth

Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

China's One Child Policy

Law created in 1979 to slow down population growth and to prevent overpopulation

China's Two Child Policy

Couples in China are allowed to have two children from now on. The Chinese government implemented the law after concerns related to the country's shrinking population and aging workforce.

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

Sustainability

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

More Developed Country (MDC)

Also known as a relatively developed country or a developed country, country that has progressed further along the development continuum

Less Developed Country (LDC)

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

Migration

A movement from one country or region to another