3.1.6 China Country Profile
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When did China overtake Japan economically
2011
What rank is China in the global economy
second largest
What major structural problem still exists in China
low domestic consumption
Why does China need more spending on welfare
the population is ageing
Why is China a major global trader
it is one of the world’s top exporters
What happened to China’s exports in 2009
they fell during the financial crisis
Why did China recover quickly after 2009
strong growth and state support
Why did the Eurozone crisis affect China
the EU is a major export market
What benefit does China get from WTO membership
access to foreign markets
Why are China’s trade relations strained
large trade surpluses and piracy
What are China’s main exports
manufactured goods
Why did FDI increase in the 1990s
low labour costs and market opening
What concern exists about privatisation
unemployment and instability
How has cheap labour affected global prices
it reduced manufactured goods prices
Why is China important in Africa
major investor and aid provider
What financial role does China play in the US
largest foreign holder of US debt
Why has commodity prices risen globally
high Chinese demand
Why has luxury exports to China increased
rising incomes and gift culture
Why has pressure grown to revalue the renminbi
persistent trade surpluses
How did China respond to currency pressure
eased trading restrictions
Where is inequality highest in China
between urban and rural areas
Why did urban populations rise rapidly
rural-to-urban migration
Why have city wages risen faster
factory demand and growth
Why has pollution worsened in China
rapid industrialisation and coal use
What major energy source causes pollution
coal-fired power stations
What environmental dilemma does China face
growth versus green policies
Why is environmental reform politically difficult
job losses risk
When did China become the largest emitter of greenhouse gases
2007
What health impact does pollution cause annually
up to 750
Why is corruption a major issue
abuse of power and illicit wealth
Why has car ownership increased
rising incomes and status demand
Why has pork consumption surged
higher disposable income
Why does China import large amounts of soybeans
limited land for feed
Why is food security a long-term concern
large population and limited farmland
Why are Chinese tourists important globally
high overseas spending
Why have many Chinese students gone abroad
rising wealth and education demand
Why has growth not reduced poverty everywhere
rural areas lag behind
How many people still lack safe water
about 200 million
Why may China’s growth slow in future
need for structural reforms
What is China’s long-term growth challenge
becoming a high-income economy
Why is Africa important to China’s aid policy
access to energy and resources
What risk does Chinese FDI pose in Africa
weak local community benefits