biochem 2- hypothalamus + pituitary

most hypothalamic hormones are ___ hormones

peptide

posterior pituitary hormones are small/large and what type of hormone

very small peptide hormones

ADH binds to

ADH binds to V2 in principal cells of CD and V1

V2 signaling

ADH binds V2 receptors (Gs) in principal cells of collecting duct --> increased cAMP --> insertion of aquaporin 2 in apical membrane = water reabsorption

V1 signaling

ADH binds to V1 (vascular smooth muscle, liver, brain)

Gq

inc IP3, DAG, Ca

vasoconstriction

oxytocin signaling

Gq = IP3, inc Ca

Smooth muscle contraction

somatostatin release is stimulated by

glucose

Arg

Leu

glucagon

VIP

CCK

somatostatin binds to what R

SST Rs

Gi = inhibit AC

somatostatin inhibits the release of

GH

insulin

GH is structurally similar to

prolactin

GH secretion is regulated by

GHRH

SST

IGF-1

GH uses what signaling

JAK/STAT

primary GH actions are on the

liver

effects of GH on adipose

stimulates HSL

inhibits LPL

dec insulin sensitivity

effects of GH on muscle

inc aa transport

N retention

fatty acids released from adipose (used preferentially as fuel)

effects of GH on liver

inc IGF-1 expression

gluconeogenesis

glycogen synthesis

effects of IGF-1 release

cellular growth and proliferation

overall main function of GH

increases fuel availability (more glucose in blood, more lipolysis)

long term allows for growth

prolactin uses what signaling

JAK/STAT

what increases prolactin secretion

estrogen

TRH

VIP

what decreases prolactin secretion

dopamine

is elevated prolactin needed to maintain lactation

no (infant suckling maintains)