Operations Management Chapter 7

Job Design

1.      what will be done in a job,

2.      Who will do the job,

3.      how the job will be done

4.      where the job will be done

2 Schools

1.      Efficiency: systematic, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s

2. Behavioral: satisfaction of wants and needs

Behavioral Approaches

1.      Job enlargement: give workers more portion, horizontal loading

2.      Job Rotation: workers periodically exchange jobs

3.      Job enrichment: increase in responsibility for planning and coordination

Motivation

1.      Socialization

2.      self-actualization

3.      status

4.      Trust

Teams

tasks given to teams rather than people

Ergonomics

1. Scientific principle

2. interactions between humans and elements of a system.

3. Attempts to optimize human well-being and overall system performance

4. Three domains

   1. Physical

   2. Cognitive

   3. organizational

5. Frederick Winslow Taylor the father of scientific management

6. Supply Chain Consideration:

   1. Customers

   2. Suppliers

Motion Study

1. The systematic study of human motions to perform an operation

2. Frank Gilbreth

The most used techniques for motion study are…

1. Motion study principles

2. Analysis of therbligs

3. Micromotion study

4. Charts

What are motion study principles?

Guidelines for designing motion-efficient work procedures

Therbligs

Basic elemental motions (Search, select, grasp, hold, transport load, release load)

Micromotion study

Motion pictures for studying motion

Work measurement

Concerned with determining the length of time it should take to complete the job

Standard time

The time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specified task, working at a sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw material inputs, and workplace arrangement

Stopwatch Time Study

Used to develop a time standard based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles

What are the basic steps to stopwatch time study?

1. Define the task to be studied, and inform the worker who will be studied

2. Determine the number of cycles to observe

3. Time the job and rate the worker’s performance

4. Compute the standard time

Standard Elemental Times

Derived from a firm’s own historical study data

Predetermined time standards

Involves the use of published data on standard elemental times (commonly used system = methods-time management (MTM))

Work Sampling

A technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities in idle time

self-directed teams

more involved, better knowledge, fewer managers