Obstetrics & Neonatology Pt. 2

These flashcards cover concepts in obstetrics and neonatology as discussed in the lecture, focusing on techniques, procedures, and critical aspects of care for large animal medicine.

What is uterine torsion?

It's the rotation of the uterus, typically in a clockwise direction.

What position is a cow placed in for uterine torsion correction?

The cow is placed in right lateral recumbency.

What is the purpose of using Calvin chains or foaling straps during assisted vaginal delivery?

They are used to assist in the delivery process without harming the newborn.

Why should calving chains always be double-looped?

To reduce the chances of injury to the newborn.

What amount of obstetric lube should be used during assisted vaginal delivery?

Copious amounts of obstetric lube.

What should be imitated during assisted vaginal delivery?

The natural birthing process.

What is the best practice regarding the use of lube in assisted vaginal delivery?

Hose to pump in lube is recommended.

Is C-Section performed in a field or in-hospital for equines?

C-Section for equines is always performed in-hospital.

Where is the preferred location for a ruminant C-Section?

In the L flank with the animal standing or in R lateral recumbency.

What is the method used for anesthesia in a ruminant C-Section?

A paravertebral block is used.

Why is paravertebral block important for goats?

Because they have increased lidocaine sensitivity.

What spinal nerves provide innervation to the flank in ruminants?

The innervation arises from spinal nerves at T13, L1, and L2.

What gauge needle is recommended for a proximal paravertebral block?

A 16-18 g needle.

What should be used if the fetal position is head-back?

A fetotomy may be performed.

What is a fetotome?

A double-lumen rod with a rounded end used in fetotomy.

What is the purpose of the gigli wire in a fetotomy?

It is used for its back-and-forth sawing action.

How is the fetotome held in place?

Using various types of handles.

What is the significance of a fetotomy?

It can save the dam's life if a C-section is not an option.

What immediate procedure should be done after the birth of ruminants?

Colostrum feeding of about 10% of body weight.

What is the 1-2-3 Rule for equine neonatology?

Foal should stand within 1 hour, nurse within 2 hours, and placenta expelled within 3 hours.

What is the importance of administering colostrum within the first 6 hours?

The ability to absorb antibodies declines significantly after this period.

What is recommended if fresh or frozen colostrum is not available?

Collect colostrum from another species such as goats or use commercial colostrum replacers.

What potential neonatal disease can arise from a navel infection?

Can lead to generalized disease called 'Navel Ill'.

What should be monitored for in equine neonatology?

Important diseases include navel infection, polyarthritis, sepsis, and diarrhea.

What should happen if a newborn's blood protein levels are low and it is a high value animal?

Administer IgG plasma IV.

How quickly should 50% of colostrum be fed to neonates after birth?

Within the first 6 hours.

Why is the timing of colostrum feeding critical?

Antibody absorption sharply declines after the first 6 hours.

Which group of calves has colostrum with higher antibody levels?

Colostrum from older cows compared to first calf heifers.

What must be done to the navel of neonates?

It must be dipped in antiseptic immediately.

What is important to do with a foal born in a clinic?

Administer at least 2 ounces of colostrum right away.

What must be monitored in foals to ensure they're healthy?

They should be up and nursing within specific time frames post birth.

What problems can arise from a C-section performed in the field for ruminants?

Ruminant C-sections are easier and more commonly performed in the field than equine C-sections.

What anesthetic technique is used for performing a C-section on goats?

A paravertebral block is vital, especially due to their lidocaine sensitivity.

In which position is the ruminant placed for a C-section?

Ruminants can be positioned in L flank or R lateral recumbency.

What is the purpose of using a looped fetotome?

It's used for removing body parts of the fetus during a fetotomy.

What immediate actions are taken after the birth of ruminant neonates?

Feeding colostrum, dipping the navel, and applying identification.

What conditions can arise due to delayed passage of the placenta?

It can lead to issues like metritis.

What is the first step in caring for a newborn ruminant?

Ensure the neonate receives colostrum.

What must be done if a dam is losing a fetus with potential complications?

Consider a fetotomy if the fetus is already dead.

How does the administration of colostrum influence a calf's immune response?

It provides vital antibodies and initiates the immune response.

What complications are seen in foals with delayed nursing?

Increased risk for sepsis and other infections.

What is maximal time to absorb antibodies from colostrum after birth?

Absorption is nearly gone after 12 hours.

What technique can prevent contamination of abdominal cavity during C-Section?

Proper positioning and ventrolateral approach.

What is the significance of a fetotomy?

It's a necessary procedure when a direct delivery is not possible due to fetal positioning.

What preparations are needed for a C-section at the clinic?

Ensure proper surgical instruments and anesthetic ready.

What does the term 'navel ill' refer to?

An infection at the navel site in newborn animals.

What is the advantage of feeding colostrum from older cows?

Higher antibody titers compared to younger cows.

When should a newborn foal be closely monitored?

Immediately upon birth for activity and nursing.

What option exists if colostrum is unavailable from the dam?

Use colostrum replacers, although they're a poor substitute.

What is the critical timeframe for a foal to stand after birth?

Within 1 hour.

What might complicate the fetal extraction process?

Poor positioning of the fetus, requiring a fetotomy.

What is a crucial consideration for neonatal care in ruminants?

Timely feeding of colostrum and navel disinfection.

What should be avoided during C-section procedures?

Performing equine C-sections outside of a hospital setting.

How can the presence of a dead fetus inform the choice of procedure?

Complications may necessitate a fetotomy over a C-section.

How much colostrum should be given within the first 24 hours?

About 10% of body weight.

What is a double-lumen rod used for?

For performing a fetotomy.

What should be the condition of the fetus to consider a fetotomy?

The fetus should be dead.

Why is it important to roll the cow during uterine torsion corrections?

To stabilize the fetus while addressing the torsion.

What does the application of a paravertebral block achieve?

It provides anesthesia to a large area of the flank.

What handling technique should be applied during the fetotomy?

Use handles appropriate for the type of fetotome being used.

How should climbing chains be used to aid in delivery?

They should be employed carefully to avoid injury.

What is the impact of uterine torsion on a pregnant cow?

It can pose risks to both the cow and the fetus.