G12 Q2 UCSP

Kinship System

System of meaning and power relations to determine relationships or kin

Consanguinity

Measures biological or blood ties

Affinity

Forged through rituals

Family

Basic social institution and primary group in the society

Nuclear Family

Husband, wife, and offspring

Extended Family

Two or more nuclear families

Blended Family

Step family, constituted family, complex family

Descent

Permanent social units whose members claim common ancestry; determined by birth

Unilineal

Tracing of ancestry through only one parent

Matrilineal

Social relationship between the children and biological father is different; father is not a member

Patrilineal

Tracing descent through a male line

Non

Unilineal

Double Descent

Males and females are traced both matrilineally and patrilineally

Ambilineal

Allows parents to choose which side of the kin to affiliate their children

Bilateral

Equally related to both mother's and father's side of the kin

Marriage

Culturally defined and institutionalized form of relationship and social practice designed to address the needs of human beings

Article 1 of the Family Code of the Philippines

The partner make a public, official, and permanent declaration of their union as lifetime couples

Monogamy

Marriage of two people

Polygamy

Marriage of either a husband to multiple wives or vice versa

Polygyny

Man marries more than one woman

Polyandry

Woman marries more than one man

Endogamy

Marriage within a group

Exogamy

Marriage outside a group

Referred Marriage

Matchmakers help someone to find possible husband/wife

Arranged Marriage

Parents, community leaders, or religious leaders determine the marital partners of the individuals

Child Marriage

Marriage will be consummated in the future

Exchange Marriage

Reciprocal exchange of spouses between two countries, tribes, or groups

Diplomatic Marriage

Established between two royal/political marriage in order to forge alliances

Modern Arranged Marriage

Child marriage with consent

Patrilocal

Near husband's family

Matrilocal

Near bride's family

Bilocal

Bride and groom choose which family

Neolocal

Bride and groom establish independent residences

Avunculocal

Near the house of the groom's mother's brother

Compadrazgo

"Godfatherhood"; coparenthood

Political Organizations

Groups responsible for political and social cohesiveness, economic growth, and safety from internal and external threats

Power

Exercise of will/force to achieve desired outcomes

Authority

To bring about the results through one's status, reputation, and degree of respect received from its constituents

Legitimacy

Right and acceptance of one's power/authority without threat/exercise of force

Bands

Small group of mostly nomadic people in pursuit of a particular goal

Tribes

Composed of several bands, occupying a particular territory with each having a common language and a way of living

Chiefdom

Composed of allied tribes and villages under one chief which can reach up to thousands of members

State

Political organization which, through the governmen, exercise sovereign rule over a population within a defined territory

Social Stratification

System dividing people and groups into different levels according to hierarchy of property, power, identity, and prestige

Caste System

Society under this system determines the status of an individual upon birth

India's Caste System

Practiced by more than 2,000 years; based on Hinduism rather than ethnicity/race

Harijan

Social outcasts; partakes in demeaning labor and activities considered as "ritually polluting"

1949

When was the caste system in India formally abolished?

Class System

Provides the status based on several categories

Means of Production

Land, factories, tools, and capitals utilized for wealth accumulation

Karl Marx

Explained that social inequality and stratification experienced by people had to do with the means of production

Max Weber

Coined the 3 P's of Social Class

Property

Person not only owns it but has control over it

Prestige

Merit or individual achievements

Ifugao Society

Agricultural

Kadangyan

Highest class; own vast track of fields

Natumok

Middle class; ample rice good

Nawatwat

Lowest stratum; poverty

Functionalist Perspective

Everyone has a role to have a functioning society

Conflict Perspective

Scarce resources as the source of inequality

Gaetano Mosca

Sees power as a source of stratification; society is composed of organized people who needs leaders to maintain order

Social Mobility

Movement from one social status to another

Intragenerational Mobility

Change in social status within their LIFETIME

Intergenerational Mobility

Change in social status of the children in relation to their parents

Horizonal Mobility

Change along the same level as their current status

Vertical Mobility

Moves up in terms of social status

Global Stratification

Occurs at the level of states

Industrialized States

High per capita income, large scale industries and infrastructure, high standard of living and human development standards

Industrializing States

Relatively lower incomes, infrastructure, and standard of living

Developing States

High poverty incidences, few industries, and low standards of living

Innovation

Development of an existing product system

Technological Innovation

Advancement in invention/improvement of product

Social Innovation

Developments/improvements on existing social practices

Diffusion

How an innovation/idea is spread among the members of the society through different means and channels

Acculturation

When individuals adopt and adjust to the new dominant cultural environment upon continuous exposure or interaction

Assimilation

When individuals from different culture interact and share their beliefs, experiences, and values, forming a combined inter

Social Contradictions and Tensions

Caused by the imbalance/opposition of value and belief system, interests, and capabilities

Class Struggle

Conflict caused by unequal distribution of resources and power

Gender Issues

Stem from unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power among individuals belonging to different genders

Sexism

Belief in a superior sex in society

Patriarchy

Social system wherein men dominate women and individuals from other genders

Inter

ethnic Conflict

Genocide

Dominate group exterminates the minority groups

Population Transfer

Minority groups are driven out of the land

Internal Colonialism

Dominant group forces the minority groups to do menial labor in society

Segregation

Dominant groups impose a separation of ethnic groups

Protests

People gathered to publicly express their disapproval on economic, social, or political issues

Armed Conflict and Tension

Extreme means of forwarding an advocacy

Armed Conflict

Occurs when there are perceived threats to the people

Terrorism

Used as a political strategy by groups who wish to forward their group's agenda; bypasses government diplomatic channels