DEVPSYCH REVIEWER 1-10

Developmental Psychology

Study of human development across the lifespan.

Life-span Development

Human development from conception to death.

Handedness

Preference for using one hand over the other.

Gender Identity

Personal sense of one's gender.

Motor Skills

Physical abilities involving movement and coordination.

Goals of Human Development

Describe, explain, predict, and intervene in development.

Physical Development

Growth of body, brain, and motor skills.

Cognitive Development

Development of mental abilities like reasoning and memory.

Psychosocial Development

Emotional and social growth throughout life.

Egocentrism

Inability to differentiate one's own perspective from others.

Coregulation

Shift of control from parents to children.

Altruism

Selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Typical Major Developments

Key changes occurring in eight life periods.

Infancy

Period from birth to age 2.

Toddlerhood

Stage from age 1 to 3, marked by rapid growth.

Adolescence

Developmental stage from ages 11 to 20.

Prenatal Development

Development occurring from conception to birth.

Cognitive Gains

Improvements in learning and memory abilities.

Social Relationships

Connections and interactions with others.

Self-concept

Understanding and perception of oneself.

Physical Growth

Increase in body size and strength.

Language Skills

Ability to communicate using words and symbols.

Peer Influence

Impact of peers on behavior and attitudes.

Thinking

Cognitive process involving reasoning and understanding.

Growth

Increase in physical, emotional, or cognitive capacities.

Self-concept

Individual's perception of their own identity.

Personality

Unique patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Emerging adulthood

Transition phase from adolescence to adulthood.

Childhood

Developmental stage from ages 3 to 6.

Adulthood

Life stage typically from ages 20 to 65.

Middle adulthood

Developmental period between ages 40 and 65.

Late adulthood

Stage of life starting at age 65.

Nuclear family

Two-parent household with children.

Extended family

Family structure including multiple generations.

Polygamy

Marriage involving one person with multiple partners.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Economic and educational status of a family.

Cognitive abilities

Mental skills including memory and problem-solving.

Cultural differences

Variations in practices and beliefs across societies.

Individualistic cultures

Cultures prioritizing personal goals and independence.

Collectivistic cultures

Cultures emphasizing group goals and relationships.

Ethnic group

Community sharing common ancestry and identity.

Ethnic minorities

Groups differing from the majority population.

Race

Socially constructed categories based on physical traits.

Normative age-graded influences

Developmental changes linked to age milestones.

Intimate relationships

Close personal connections with emotional significance.

Health changes

Physical and mental health variations across life stages.

Retirement

Withdrawal from workforce, often after age 65.

Normative Age-Graded Influences

Similar reactions in specific age groups.

Timing of Biological Events

Predictable within a normal range.

Puberty

Biological transition marking sexual maturity.

Menopause

End of a woman's reproductive years.

Normative History-Graded Influences

Events shaping behavior of a historical generation.

World War II

Major global conflict impacting societal attitudes.

COVID-19 Pandemic

Recent global health crisis affecting behaviors.

Historical Generation

Group experiencing significant events at formative ages.

Cohort

Individuals born around the same time.

Nonnormative Influences

Unusual events disrupting expected life cycles.

Pathological Aging

Greater decline in health with age.

Successful Aging

Maintaining health and well-being into old age.

Imprinting

Attachment formed during a critical early period.

Critical Period

Time when specific development impacts occur.

Chronological Age

Years elapsed since birth.

Biological Age

Age based on biological health status.

Psychological Age

Maturity compared to peers of same age.

Social Age

Roles and connections with others.

Life-Span Developmental Approach

Development is a lifelong change process.

Nature and Nurture

Interaction of genetics and environment in development.

Heredity

Traits inherited from biological parents.

Environment

Nonhereditary influences on development.

Multidimensional Development

Development across biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

Multidirectional Development

Gains in one area may lead to losses in another.

Prenatal Environment

Influences development from conception through birth.

Stability

Influence of heredity and early experiences on development.

Change

Later experiences can lead to developmental changes.

Continuity

Gradual and continuous development process over time.

Discontinuity

Development occurs in distinct stages throughout life.

Plasticity

Ability to change based on experiences and training.

Resource Allocation

Distribution of time, energy, and support for growth.

Reactive Development

Development shaped by historical and cultural contexts.

Active Development

Co-construction of biology, culture, and individual factors.

Mechanistic Model

Views individuals as machines reacting to stimuli.

Organismic Model

Sees people as active agents in their development.

Normal Aging

Psychological functioning peaks then declines with age.

Qualitative Change

Changes in type or quality, not just amount.

Crisis

Conflict during developmental stages requiring resolution.

Basic Strength

Positive outcome from resolving developmental crises.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Infancy stage focusing on developing trust.

Autonomy vs. Shame

Early childhood stage emphasizing independence.

Developmental Patterns

Different trajectories of aging and development.

Heredity

Genetic factors influencing individual development.

Cultural Influence

Societal norms shaping developmental processes.

Training and Practice

Enhancement of abilities through consistent effort.

Life Span Development

Study of human growth from birth to death.

Mistrust

First stage of psychosocial development in infancy.

Hope

Basic virtue developed during infancy stage.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Second stage focusing on independence in early childhood.

Will

Basic virtue developed during autonomy stage.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Third stage emphasizing initiative during preschool years.

Purpose

Basic virtue developed during initiative stage.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Fourth stage focusing on competence in middle childhood.