Policing Final Exam

What is the main argument surrounding the Ferguson Effect?

increase in violent crime rates in a community caused by reduced proactive policing due to the community's distrust and hostility towards police

What impact has the Ferguson Effect had on police officers?

motive

Has de-policing been observed by research? If so, how much and where
does it take place most often?

Yes, in lower income communities

How can we minimize the harmful effects of the Ferguson Effect while
also advancing needed reform in policing?

focusing on data collection and analysis, diversifying the police force, improving training, promoting community policing, strengthening internal accountability, and enhancing public trust and transparency

Physiological stress

biological effects on the individual (high blood pressure, heart disease)

Psychological stress

anxiety and depression

Eustress vs. distress

Eustress: positive stress Distress: negative stress

Types of stressors in policing

1. Work itself

2. Police Organization

3. CJ System

4. The public

5. Personal life

How to cope with stress and stressors

critical-incident debriefing, shift work, exercise

Different elements of the managerial process

planning, organizing, leading, controlling, Management

Various types of managers in the typical police organizational hierarchy

first-line supervisors like sergeants who oversee daily operations, to upper-level managers like captains, deputy chiefs, and the chief of police who lead entire divisions or the department as a whole. This hierarchy is often structured in a military style,

Classical Police Management

emphasizes a hierarchical structure, efficiency, and standardized procedures, aiming to optimize resource allocation and control within the organization

Behavioral Police Management

emphasizes understanding and influencing police officer behavior to improve organizational effectiveness and individual performance.

Contemporary Police Management

emphasizes adaptability, data-driven decision-making, and community engagement to address the evolving challenges facing law enforcement

Total Quality Management

focuses on employee participation and continuous learning

Systems Theory

All parts of the system (organization) are interrelated and interdependent

Police accountability

holding individual officers and police agencies responsible for their actions, ensuring they uphold the law and serve the public fairly

COMPSTAT meetings

regularly scheduled meetings in police departments where leaders discuss crime trends, problems, and strategies for addressing them

Resistance to organizational change How to avoid? COMMUNICATE WHY CHANGE IS OCCURING!

prioritize open communication, involve employees in the process, and ensure clear explanations and support for the change initiative

tall vs. flat organizational structure steps in the hiring/selection phase

Tall structures, with their multiple layers of management, often have a more formal and structured selection process, while flat structures prioritize speed and flexibility, potentially leading to more decentralized decision-making in the selection process

steps in the hiring/selection phase

Entry, Reassignment, Promotion

Legal issues concerning hiring police officers, E.g., 4/5ths rule

discrimination laws and the potential for adverse impact