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Danish Invaders
Vikings who, in the 800s, invaded, traded, and often took silver and slaves (thralls) from England.
Alfred the Great
King of the Anglo-Saxons from 871 to 899, he successfully unified the land to form 'England'.
Canute
Danish king who conquered England in 1016, merging Danish and Anglo-Saxon cultures.
Harold Godwinson
Claimed the English throne after Edward the Confessor's death, defeated at the Battle of Hastings.
William the Conqueror
Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066, claiming the throne as a cousin of Edward the Confessor.
Edward the Confessor
Anglo-Saxon king whose death in 1066 sparked a succession crisis leading to the Norman Conquest.
Battle of Hastings
A pivotal battle in 1066 in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson.
Norman Nobles
Lords given land by William the Conqueror after the conquest of England.
Magna Carta
The 'Great Charter' signed in 1215 limiting the powers of the king and established legal rights.
Common Law
A unified legal system formed over centuries by royal judges, promoting consistent and fair verdicts.
John Softsword
King John, whose poor leadership and conflicts with nobles led to the signing of the Magna Carta.
Habeas Corpus
A legal principle preventing unlawful detention without evidence or trial by peers.
Trial by Jury
A legal process where a person's fate is determined by a group of their peers.
Church Independence
Clause in the Magna Carta ensuring the king cannot interfere with church affairs.
Rights of Freemen
Magna Carta guaranteed that no freeman could be imprisoned without a proper trial.
Taxation Consent
The requirement set forth in Magna Carta that the king cannot levy new taxes without baronial consent.
Land Inheritance Regulations
Magna Carta stipulated that barons should pay no more than £100 when inheriting land.
Freedom from Bribery
Magna Carta mandated that justice must be rendered without delays or bribery.
Baronial Power
The increased influence of nobles as a result of the Magna Carta limiting the king's authority.
Peasant Rights
Limited benefits under the Magna Carta, highlighting unequal treatment in medieval society.
Freedom of Movement
Magna Carta allowed traders to travel freely without needing to pay tolls.
Royal Judges
Judges sent by Henry II to uphold and enforce common law throughout England.
Conflict Over Normandy
Reasons behind John Softsword's unpopularity due to losses of lands in Normandy.
Edward's Succession Crisis
The period following Edward the Confessor's death that led to competing claims for the throne.
William's Feudal System
Land distribution by William the Conqueror establishing a new socio-political order in England.
Alfred's Legacy
Legacy of unifying England under a single Anglo-Saxon rule for the first time.
Danish Longships
Innovative naval technology used by Vikings, enabling their raids and trades.
Norman Conquest Impact
The major socio-political transformation in England following William's victory in 1066.
Stamford Bridge
Location of Harold Godwinson's victory over Norwegian king Harold Hadrada.
Legal Rights Framework
The foundations for future rights in democracy, as laid out in the articles of Magna Carta.
Judiciary Training
The requirement from Magna Carta that those enforcing the law must be well educated in it.
Rollo, Viking Leader
A Viking who was granted land in Normandy, an ancestor to William the Conqueror.
Harold's March
The rapid 240-mile march conducted by Harold Godwinson to confront William after Stamford Bridge.
Rights of Nobility
Magna Carta established norms that benefited the nobility over other social classes.
King’s Men’s Authority
Restrictions placed on the king’s men in terms of taking goods or imposing penalties.
Baronial Revolt
The uprising of nobles against King John that resulted in the Magna Carta.
Civil Liberties Growth
The gradual expansion of personal freedoms set in motion by the Magna Carta.
Laws of the Realm
The requirement that only those knowledgeable of the law are appointed as justices.
Historical Context of Magna Carta
The political turbulence and dissatisfaction with King John's rule leading to the 1215 document.
Viking Settlement Patterns
Vikings not only raided but also settled parts of England, impacting later culture.
Legitimate Arrest Standards
Magna Carta's condition that arrests require credible witnesses and lawful judgment.
Noble Rights in Inheritance
Legal precedent established concerning the inheritance rights of barons as per Magna Carta.
John's Alienation from Church
King John’s conflicts with the church which contributed to his problems with nobles.
Constitutional Principles
Ideals laid out by Magna Carta that influenced the development of constitutional governments.
Jurisprudence Development
Evolution of legal principles and their foundations established through common law.
Invasion and Conquest Cycles
The pattern of invasions by Vikings, contributing to the complex demographics of England.
Danish Influence on Language
The lasting impact of Danish invaders on the English language and cultural aspects.
Edward the Confessor’s Reign
Marked by relative peace before the turbulent succession and eventual conquest.
Trial By Jury’s Importance
A critical aspect of fairness in the legal system that echoes democratic ideals today.
Viking Warrior Culture
The societal structure and values of Vikings, emphasizing bravery, skills, and raiding prowess.