Social Studies 8.2

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50 Terms

1

Danish Invaders

Vikings who, in the 800s, invaded, traded, and often took silver and slaves (thralls) from England.

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2

Alfred the Great

King of the Anglo-Saxons from 871 to 899, he successfully unified the land to form 'England'.

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3

Canute

Danish king who conquered England in 1016, merging Danish and Anglo-Saxon cultures.

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4

Harold Godwinson

Claimed the English throne after Edward the Confessor's death, defeated at the Battle of Hastings.

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5

William the Conqueror

Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066, claiming the throne as a cousin of Edward the Confessor.

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6

Edward the Confessor

Anglo-Saxon king whose death in 1066 sparked a succession crisis leading to the Norman Conquest.

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7

Battle of Hastings

A pivotal battle in 1066 in which William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson.

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8

Norman Nobles

Lords given land by William the Conqueror after the conquest of England.

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9

Magna Carta

The 'Great Charter' signed in 1215 limiting the powers of the king and established legal rights.

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10

Common Law

A unified legal system formed over centuries by royal judges, promoting consistent and fair verdicts.

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11

John Softsword

King John, whose poor leadership and conflicts with nobles led to the signing of the Magna Carta.

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12

Habeas Corpus

A legal principle preventing unlawful detention without evidence or trial by peers.

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13

Trial by Jury

A legal process where a person's fate is determined by a group of their peers.

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14

Church Independence

Clause in the Magna Carta ensuring the king cannot interfere with church affairs.

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15

Rights of Freemen

Magna Carta guaranteed that no freeman could be imprisoned without a proper trial.

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16

Taxation Consent

The requirement set forth in Magna Carta that the king cannot levy new taxes without baronial consent.

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17

Land Inheritance Regulations

Magna Carta stipulated that barons should pay no more than £100 when inheriting land.

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18

Freedom from Bribery

Magna Carta mandated that justice must be rendered without delays or bribery.

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19

Baronial Power

The increased influence of nobles as a result of the Magna Carta limiting the king's authority.

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20

Peasant Rights

Limited benefits under the Magna Carta, highlighting unequal treatment in medieval society.

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21

Freedom of Movement

Magna Carta allowed traders to travel freely without needing to pay tolls.

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22

Royal Judges

Judges sent by Henry II to uphold and enforce common law throughout England.

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23

Conflict Over Normandy

Reasons behind John Softsword's unpopularity due to losses of lands in Normandy.

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24

Edward's Succession Crisis

The period following Edward the Confessor's death that led to competing claims for the throne.

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25

William's Feudal System

Land distribution by William the Conqueror establishing a new socio-political order in England.

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26

Alfred's Legacy

Legacy of unifying England under a single Anglo-Saxon rule for the first time.

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27

Danish Longships

Innovative naval technology used by Vikings, enabling their raids and trades.

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28

Norman Conquest Impact

The major socio-political transformation in England following William's victory in 1066.

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29

Stamford Bridge

Location of Harold Godwinson's victory over Norwegian king Harold Hadrada.

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30

Legal Rights Framework

The foundations for future rights in democracy, as laid out in the articles of Magna Carta.

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31

Judiciary Training

The requirement from Magna Carta that those enforcing the law must be well educated in it.

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32

Rollo, Viking Leader

A Viking who was granted land in Normandy, an ancestor to William the Conqueror.

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33

Harold's March

The rapid 240-mile march conducted by Harold Godwinson to confront William after Stamford Bridge.

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34

Rights of Nobility

Magna Carta established norms that benefited the nobility over other social classes.

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35

King’s Men’s Authority

Restrictions placed on the king’s men in terms of taking goods or imposing penalties.

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36

Baronial Revolt

The uprising of nobles against King John that resulted in the Magna Carta.

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37

Civil Liberties Growth

The gradual expansion of personal freedoms set in motion by the Magna Carta.

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38

Laws of the Realm

The requirement that only those knowledgeable of the law are appointed as justices.

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39

Historical Context of Magna Carta

The political turbulence and dissatisfaction with King John's rule leading to the 1215 document.

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40

Viking Settlement Patterns

Vikings not only raided but also settled parts of England, impacting later culture.

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41

Legitimate Arrest Standards

Magna Carta's condition that arrests require credible witnesses and lawful judgment.

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42

Noble Rights in Inheritance

Legal precedent established concerning the inheritance rights of barons as per Magna Carta.

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43

John's Alienation from Church

King John’s conflicts with the church which contributed to his problems with nobles.

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44

Constitutional Principles

Ideals laid out by Magna Carta that influenced the development of constitutional governments.

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45

Jurisprudence Development

Evolution of legal principles and their foundations established through common law.

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46

Invasion and Conquest Cycles

The pattern of invasions by Vikings, contributing to the complex demographics of England.

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47

Danish Influence on Language

The lasting impact of Danish invaders on the English language and cultural aspects.

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48

Edward the Confessor’s Reign

Marked by relative peace before the turbulent succession and eventual conquest.

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49

Trial By Jury’s Importance

A critical aspect of fairness in the legal system that echoes democratic ideals today.

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50

Viking Warrior Culture

The societal structure and values of Vikings, emphasizing bravery, skills, and raiding prowess.

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